Qing Dynasty
Shunzhi Tongbao Type 3
1 Cash
Shandong Province Bureau
清
順治通寶三式
一厘
山東省局造
Item number: A962
Year: AD 1653-1657
Material: Brass
Size: 25.3 x 25.1 x 0.6 mm
Weight: 2.8 g
Manufactured by: Shandong Province Bureau
Provenance:
1. Noonans 2022
2. D. L. F. Sealy Collection
This is a “Shunzhi Tongbao” coin minted during the reign of Shunzhi, the first emperor of the Qing Dynasty after entering China proper. The coin was produced in Shandong Province. This coin has a typical square hole design and is made of brass. On the obverse, the characters “Shunzhi Tongbao” are inscribed in the order of top, bottom, right, and left. The reverse of the coin features Chinese characters on both sides, with the denomination “一厘” (One Cash) inscribed on the left and the abbreviation for the mint location, “東” (Dong), on the right.
The denomination “One Cash” inscribed on the reverse indicates the equivalent amount of silver for which this brass coin could be exchanged. Beginning in the mid-Ming Dynasty, a large influx of silver from the Americas flowed into China, leading to silver gradually becoming the commonly accepted precious metal among the populace. Particularly towards the end of the Ming Dynasty, the value of silver proved to be more stable than that of brass coins. As a result, the Qing court, having just entered the realm, continued to follow the Ming system of minting until it ceased production in the 14th year of Shunzhi’s reign (AD 1657). This type of coin, featuring a silver exchange denomination on the reverse, is referred to as the third style within the numismatic community.
In the Qing dynasty, the minting of coins in Shandong Province began in the 2nd year of the Shunzhi reign (AD 1645) with the establishment of the Linqing Prefecture Bureau in Linqing Prefecture, Shandong. Shortly thereafter, in the 6th year of Shunzhi (AD 1649), the Shandong Province Bureau was established in Jinan, the provincial capital of Shandong.
During the 18-year reign of Emperor Shunzhi, the “Shunzhi Tongbao” coins were categorised into five major types based on the patterns on the reverse side:
Type | Period | Feature |
Type 1 | Shunzhi 1st-2nd (AD 1644-1645) | No inscription on the reverse side. |
Type 2 | Shunzhi 2nd-8th (AD 1645-1651) | Single Chinese character indicating the casting unit on the reverse side. |
Type 3 | Shunzhi 10th-14th (AD 1653-1657) | The reverse side of the coin features two sets of Chinese characters. The character on the left, “厘” (Cash), represents the coin’s value in relation to silver, while the character on the right indicates the minting authority responsible for producing the coin. |
Type 4 | Shunzhi 14th-18th (AD 1657-1661) | Minted by the central Ministry of Revenue and Ministry of Works, these coins are of higher quality, with Manchu script inscribed on both the left and right sides of the reverse. |
Type 5 | Shunzhi 17th-18th (AD 1660-1661) | Coins minted by various regional mints feature Manchu script on the left side of the reverse and Chinese characters on the right side to indicate the minting authority. |
物件編號: A962
年代: 公元 1653-1657 年
材質: 黃銅
尺寸: 25.3 x 25.1 x 0.6 mm
重量: 2.8 g
製造地: 山東省局
來源:
1. 諾南斯 2022
2. 大衛.萊斯利.福布斯.西利舊藏
這是清朝入關的首任皇帝順治所鑄造的「順治通寶」,鑄造地點為山東省。這枚錢幣形制為典型的方孔錢,材質為黃銅。錢幣正面按上、下、右、左順序,依序鐫刻漢字「順治通寶」四字。錢幣背後左右兩側,分別以漢字在左側鐫刻面額「一厘」,右側是鑄造地點的簡稱「東」。
背面鐫刻的面額「一厘」為這枚銅錢得以兌換的等價白銀。明朝中葉起,來自美洲新大陸的白銀大舉流入中國,使得白銀逐漸成為民間通用的貴金屬。尤其在明朝末年之際,白銀的價值比銅錢來得更為穩定,故剛入關不久的清廷也延續明制鑄造,直到順治14年(公元1657年)才停鑄。這種背面帶有白銀兌換面額的版型,錢幣界將其命名為第三式。
山東一省於清代的鑄錢始於順治2年(公元1645年),於山東臨清直隸州設立臨清鎮局。不久在順治6年(公元1649年),設於山東首府濟南府,全名為山東省局。
順治皇帝統治的18年間,其鑄造的順治通寶按照背面版式,總計有五大種類:
版型 | 時間 | 特色 |
第一式 | 順治元年至2年 (公元1644至1645年) | 背面沒有任何銘文 |
第二式 | 順治2年至8年 (公元1645至1651年) | 背面為單一個漢字,標示鑄造單位 |
第三式 | 順治10年至14年 (公元1653至1657年) | 背面為兩組漢字,左側「厘」為錢幣得折算的白銀,右側則為鑄造單位 |
第四式 | 順治14年至18年 (公元1657至1661年) | 中央的戶部和工部鑄造,較為精美,背面的左右兩側皆為滿文 |
第五式 | 順治17年至18年 (公元1660至1661年) | 各地鑄錢局鑄造,背面的左側以滿文,右側則以漢文標示鑄造單位 |