Qing Dynasty

Shunzhi Tongbao Type 5

Xuanfu Town Bureau

(Bold Font Version)

順治通寶五式

宣府鎮局造

(粗字版)

Item number: A1049

Year: AD 1660-1661

Material: Brass

Size: 27.3 x 27.3 x 1.2 mm

Weight: 5.0 g

Manufactured by: Xuanfu Town Bureau

Provenance:

1. Noonans 2022

2. D. L. F. Sealy Collection

This is a “Shunzhi Tongbao” coin minted during the reign of Shunzhi, the first emperor of the Qing Dynasty after entering China proper. The coin was produced in Xuanfu Town, a military stronghold in Zhili Province. This coin has a typical square hole design and is made of brass. On the obverse, the characters “Shunzhi Tongbao” are inscribed in the order of top, bottom, right, and left. The reverse features Manchu script “ᡧᡠᠠᠨ” (Xuan) on the left side and the Chinese character “Xuan” on the right, indicating the minting location. Based on the reverse design, this coin is classified as the fifth type.

Compared to another piece in the museum’s collection, the Chinese characters on the obverse side of this coin are noticeably bolder, and the overall appearance is more refined.

Xuanfu Town is located next to the Great Wall and has been an important military stronghold for defending the capital, Beijing, since the Ming Dynasty. Consequently, a minting bureau was established in the area to meet the demands for military salaries. After the Qing court entered China, the Xuanfu Town Bureau continued to produce coins until it was closed in the 61st year of Kangxi’s reign (AD 1722), marking the end of its historical significance.

During the 18-year reign of Emperor Shunzhi, the “Shunzhi Tongbao” coins were categorised into five major types based on the patterns on the reverse side:

TypePeriodFeature
Type 1Shunzhi 1st-2nd (AD 1644-1645)No inscription on the reverse side.  
Type 2Shunzhi 2nd-8th (AD 1645-1651)Single Chinese character indicating the casting unit on the reverse side.
Type 3Shunzhi 10th-14th (AD 1653-1657)The reverse side of the coin features two sets of Chinese characters. The character on the left, “厘” (Cash), represents the coin’s value in relation to silver, while the character on the right indicates the minting authority responsible for producing the coin.
Type 4Shunzhi 14th-18th (AD 1657-1661)Minted by the central Ministry of Revenue and Ministry of Works, these coins are of higher quality, with Manchu script inscribed on both the left and right sides of the reverse.
Type 5Shunzhi 17th-18th (AD 1660-1661)Coins minted by various regional mints feature Manchu script on the left side of the reverse and Chinese characters on the right side to indicate the minting authority.

物件編號: A1049

年代: 公元 1660-1661 年

材質: 黃銅

尺寸: 27.3 x 27.3 x 1.2 mm

重量: 5.0 g

製造地: 宣府鎮局

來源:

1. 諾南斯 2022

2. 大衛.萊斯利.福布斯.西利舊藏

這是清朝入關的首任皇帝順治所鑄造的「順治通寶」,鑄造地點為直隸省的軍事重地宣府鎮。這枚錢幣形制為典型的方孔錢,材質為黃銅。錢幣正面按上、下、右、左順序,依序鐫刻漢字「順治通寶」四字。錢幣背後左右兩側,依序以滿文「ᡧᡠᠠᠨ」(宣)和漢文「宣」標示鑄造地點。且從錢幣背面風格來判斷,能知道這枚錢幣為第五式。

這枚錢幣跟本館另一枚收藏相比,其正面的漢字字體較為粗壯,且外觀較為精美。

宣府鎮坐落於長城旁邊,從明朝時期就是保衛首都北京重要的軍事要地,故當地有設立鑄錢局以滿足發放兵餉的需求。清廷入關之後,仍持續沿用宣府鎮局鑄幣,直到康熙61年(公元1722年)方才走入歷史。

順治皇帝統治的18年間,其鑄造的順治通寶按照背面版式,總計有五大種類:

版型時間特色
第一式順治元年至2年 (公元1644至1645年)背面沒有任何銘文
第二式順治2年至8年 (公元1645至1651年)背面為單一個漢字,標示鑄造單位
第三式順治10年至14年 (公元1653至1657年)背面為兩組漢字,左側「厘」為錢幣得折算的白銀,右側則為鑄造單位
第四式順治14年至18年 (公元1657至1661年)中央的戶部和工部鑄造,較為精美,背面的左右兩側皆為滿文
第五式順治17年至18年 (公元1660至1661年)各地鑄錢局鑄造,背面的左側以滿文,右側則以漢文標示鑄造單位

類似/相同物件 請看:

臺灣 國立歷史博物館 National Museum of History

https://collections.culture.tw/nmh_collectionsweb/collection.aspx?GID=MFMNM6M6MXM2

中國 上海博物館 Shanghai Museum

https://www.shanghaimuseum.net/mu/frontend/pg/m/article/id/CI00000655

更多相關訊息請參考:

蔡養吾,《中國古錢講話附古錢餘話》(台北市:淑馨出版社,1999)

高英民,《中國古代錢幣》(北京市:學苑出版社,2007)

秦慧穎,〈順治時期的制錢生產與流通〉,《北京市: 中國錢幣》,(2016),頁26-37

馬超,〈清代直隸鑄錢史〉,《合肥市: 文物鑒定與鑒賞》,(2021),頁34-37

張冬,〈明代九邊軍陣鑄幣考論(上)〉,《北京市: 中國錢幣》,(2019),頁12-21

www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG114929

www.britnumsoc.org/images/BIOGRAPHIES/2022-02-08/2/P-T/Sealy-DLF-b1933-TBC-002.pdf

返回頂端