Item number: A1333

Year: AD 1852-1853 (AH 1255)

Material: Gold

Size: 17.0 x 17.0 mm

Manufactured by: Egypt

Provenance: Heritage Auctions 2024

This is a coin from the Ottoman Empire, minted during the reign of Sultan Abdulmejid I. It has a denomination of 50 Qirsh. The coin features a toothed edge, and the obverse showcases the sultan’s tughra, along with the denomination and a rose motif. The reverse bears an inscription in Arabic, indicating the year and mint location, confirming that it was minted in Egypt in the year AH 1255.

Among the Ottoman Empire’s minted gold coins, the Sultani gold coin was the most widely circulated in the market. From the late 15th century to the 17th century AD, Sultani coins dominated the market. However, between AD 1697 and 1754, various new gold coin types emerged. In Egypt, the Sultani coin was gradually replaced in the late 17th century AD by these new coins, resulting in a diverse circulation of gold coins in the market.

Ottoman Empire coins in the early 16th century AD were generally divided into three types. First were the gold coins, which were the highest value and typically used in transactions by merchants, money changers, financiers, high-ranking officials, and medium-to-large industrialists. Gold coins were also often used for government payroll, rewards, and ransom payments, circulating widely within political and administrative institutions. The second most valuable currency was the Akçe silver coin, the primary currency of the Ottoman Empire, frequently used in small-scale daily trade and often affected by government-imposed currency devaluation. Lastly, the Mangir copper coin, the least valuable, was used primarily for small daily transactions.

In the late 17th century AD, due to population growth and the resulting increase in economic activity, coupled with rising government expenditures, there was a substantial demand for more currency, leading to a shortage of the previously common Akçe silver and Mangır copper coins. To address this issue, the Ottoman government introduced a new currency denomination, the Qirsh, initially set for silver coins, with a rate of 1 Qirsh equaling 120 Akçe. This exchange rate remained stable until the drastic devaluation in AD 1760 and was widely adopted throughout the Ottoman Empire’s territories.

物件編號: A1333

年代: 公元 1852-1853 (回曆 1255) 年

材質: 黃金

尺寸: 17.0 x 17.0 mm

製造地: 埃及

來源: 海瑞德拍賣 2024

這是一枚出自鄂圖曼帝國，於蘇丹阿卜杜勒-邁吉德一世在位時所鑄造的金幣，其幣值為50庫魯什。其周圍邊緣有邊齒，正面有著阿卜杜勒-邁吉德一世的花押，其幣值及玫瑰圖樣，背面則用阿拉伯文寫著其鑄造年份及地點，由此可知此金幣是在回曆1255年在埃及鑄造。

在鄂圖曼帝國鑄造的金幣當中，最主要流通於市場的的是「蘇丹尼」金幣，自公元15世紀晚期至17世紀「蘇丹尼」金幣長期主宰著市場。而在公元1697—1754年期間出現了多種新種類的金幣。在埃及地區，「蘇丹尼」金幣在公元17世紀末期被那些新出現多種金幣取代地位，因而市場上流通的金幣種類十分多樣。

鄂圖曼帝國在公元16世紀早期的貨幣大致可分為3種，首先是價值最高的金幣，通常用於商人、貨幣兌換商、金融家、高階官員、中型或大型製造業經營者等人物所進行的交易活動中，金幣也經常使用於鄂圖曼政府的薪資支付、賞賜、贖金交付等目的，普遍流通於政界與行政機構中。價值次於金幣的貨幣是「阿克切」銀幣，是鄂圖曼帝國最主要使用的貨幣，經常用於日常中小額的貿易活動當中，並且時常被政府主導的貨幣貶值所影響。最後則是價值最小的「曼格爾」銅幣，主要用於日常小額交易當中。

在公元17世紀晚期，面對人口增長而產生的更多經濟活動，加上政府開支成長所衍生出的大量貨幣需求，導致原先的「阿克切」銀幣及「曼格爾」銅幣出現短缺。為了解決此一問題，鄂圖曼政府制定了新的幣值，也就是“庫魯什”，“庫魯什”最初是針對銀幣所制定的幣值，當時制定1庫魯什等於120「阿克切」銀幣。這種新幣值匯率直到公元1760年暴跌以前都十分的穩定，並在鄂圖曼帝國的疆土中被廣泛採用。