Item number: M363

Year: AD 1860-1870

Material: Silver

Size: 101.9 x 72.0 mm

Provenance:

1. C&T Auctioneers Valuers 2024

2. Bracketts Auctioneers 2003

This is a display frame containing five miniature medals awarded during the military career of Edward Winterton Turnour, who retired with the rank of Admiral in the British Royal Navy.

The five medals are housed in a solid wood display frame crafted by Spink, a renowned British auction house and medal manufacturer, during the period AD 1900–1914. The frame includes an ivory nameplate engraved with Turnour’s title and name: “ADMIRAL EDWARD WINTERTON TURNOUR, C.B.” According to relevant historical records, Turnour was awarded the title of Knight of the Order of the Bath in AD 1871. However, this set of miniature medals does not include the Order of the Bath, suggesting that these miniatures were likely produced between AD 1860 and AD 1870, prior to Turnour receiving the knighthood.

The medal on the far left is the China War Medal, issued in AD 1843 to participants of the First Opium War. The suspension of this miniature medal does not follow the original design but adopts the type introduced in AD 1846 for the Sutlej Medal. Notably, the medal features two clasps, “CHINA 1842” and “FATSHAN 1857,” indicating that Turnour also participated in the Second Opium War (AD 1857–1860). The “China 1842” clasp is particularly rare, with only 93 issued, awarded exclusively to veterans who served in both Opium Wars.

The remaining four medals are associated with the Crimean War (AD 1853–1856), during which Britain, alongside France, the Ottoman Empire, and the Kingdom of Sardinia, opposed the Russian Empire’s attempts to dominate Europe.

The second and third medals are the Baltic Medal (AD 1856) and the Crimean War Medal (AD 1854), issued by the British government. The Baltic Medal was awarded to British forces who patrolled and conducted operations in the Baltic Sea to contain Russian activity during the war. The Crimean War Medal was presented to participants in the various battles on the Crimean Peninsula, featuring the iconic palm-leaf-shaped clasp “Sebastopol.” The Siege of Sebastopol was the war’s most gruelling engagement, during which Turnour’s Royal Navy provided naval artillery support to allied forces advancing on land.

The fourth and fifth medals are the Order of the Medjidie and the Crimea Medal, both issued by Britain’s ally, the Ottoman Empire. The Order of the Medjidie was established in AD 1851 by Sultan Abdulmejid I, modelled after European orders, and was widely awarded to British and allied forces during the Crimean War. The Crimea Medal, created in AD 1854, was specifically issued by the Ottoman Empire to honour foreign allies after the war.

Interestingly, despite serving in the British Royal Navy, Turnour’s Crimea Medal is the Sardinian version, inscribed in Italian with “LA CRIMEA” (Crimea). This version was intended for Sardinian troops. The medal’s suspension and ribbon, however, follow the design of the British-issued Crimean War Medal. The most plausible explanation for Turnour possessing this Sardinian version is that it was gifted to or exchanged with a Sardinian counterpart during or after the war.

Edward Winterton Turnour was born in AD 1821 into a British noble family ennobled in Ireland. He joined the Royal Navy in March AD 1843 and was promoted to lieutenant in September of the same year. In AD 1871, while holding the rank of captain, Turnour was appointed a Knight of the Order of the Bath. He continued to serve in the Royal Navy until his retirement in AD 1885 with the rank of admiral. Turnour passed away in London in AD 1901 at the age of 80.

物件編號: M363

年代: 公元 1860-1870 年

材質: 銀

尺寸: 101.9 x 72.0 mm

來源:

1. C&T 拍賣行 2024

2. 布拉克拍賣家 2003

這是一組以英國皇家海軍上將軍階退役的愛德華·溫特頓·特努爾，其軍旅生涯獲頒的五枚迷你獎章展示框。

這五枚獎章安置在英國知名的拍賣行身兼獎章製造商斯賓克，於公元1900-1914年之際製作的實木展示框內，還附上鐫刻特努爾頭銜和姓名「ADMIRAL EDWARD WINTERTON TURNOUR.C.B.」(海軍上將愛德華·溫特頓·特努爾巴斯騎士) 的象牙名牌。根據相關的文獻資料，特努爾於公元1871年獲得巴斯騎士的頭銜。但是這組獎章卻沒有包含巴斯勳章，因此能推測這批迷你版獎章是公元1860至1870年左右，特努爾獲頒巴斯騎士的頭銜以前製作的。

最左邊的獎章是發行於公元1843年，贈與第一次鴉片戰爭參與者的「中國戰爭獎章」。這枚迷你版懸掛並非按照原版設計，而是採納公元1846年起，使用在「象泉河獎章」的懸掛類型。值得注意的是，獎章附帶的「中國1842」和「佛山1857」兩個銘牌，代表特努爾後續參加過公元1857至1860年的第二次鴉片戰爭。「中國1842」銘牌尤為罕見，其發行量僅有93枚，僅有參與過兩場鴉片戰爭的老兵有資格授予。

剩餘的四枚獎章跟公元1853至1856年間，英國跟法國、鄂圖曼土耳其和薩丁尼亞王國攜手，對抗俄羅斯帝國稱霸歐洲的克里米亞戰爭有所關聯。

第二枚和第三枚獎章，分別是英國政府於公元1856和公元1854年頒布的「波羅的海獎章」和「克里米亞戰爭獎章」。前者是頒發給戰爭期間，於波羅的海一帶巡弋和牽制俄羅斯的英國部隊。後者則是贈與在主戰場克里米亞半島一系列戰事的參與者，還附有極具特色的棕櫚葉造型「塞瓦斯托波爾」銘牌。塞瓦斯托波爾為戰爭期間最為慘烈的包圍戰，特努爾服役的皇家海軍以艦砲砲擊支援岸上進攻的聯軍。

第四枚和第五枚獎章，則來自英國盟友鄂圖曼土耳其發行的「邁吉德勳章」和「克里米亞獎章」。前者是公元1851年，鄂圖曼蘇丹阿卜杜勒邁吉德一世參考歐洲獎章制度設立的勳章，於克里米亞戰爭期間大量贈與英國等盟友。後者則是公元1854年，克里米亞戰爭結束之後，鄂圖曼帝國特別替外國盟友設立的獎章。有意思的是，特努爾身為英國皇家海軍一員，卻是拿到贈與薩丁尼亞王國的義大利文「LA CRIMEA」(克里米亞) 版本。這一枚獎章使用的懸掛和綬帶則直接使用英國發行的克里米亞獎章樣式。關於特努爾為何擁有薩丁尼亞版本的獎章，最有可能的解釋是特努爾獲贈或交換於薩丁尼亞王國的同行。

愛德華·溫特頓·特努爾出生於公元1821年，其家族是英國冊封於愛爾蘭的貴族家庭。公元1843年3月，特努爾加入皇家海軍，於同年9月晉升為海軍上尉。公元1871年，特努爾以船長身分被接納為巴斯騎士。特努爾持續在皇家海軍服役，直到公元1885年以海軍上將軍階退休。公元1901年，特努爾以80歲之齡逝世於倫敦。