Item number: A1398

Year: AD 1765

Material: Gold

Size: 24.2 x 24.2 mm

Manufactured by: Kremnitz(Kremnica)

Provenance: Fuchin coin 2024

This is a 2-Ducat gold coin minted during the reign of Empress Maria Theresa of the Holy Roman Empire and Queen of Hungary. The coin features a serrated edge, with the obverse depicting a standing monarch in opulent attire, complete with a sword at the waist. In the left hand, the monarch holds the orb, while the right hand grasps the sceptre. Surrounding this central figure is a Latin inscription that reads: “MARIA THERESIA DEI GRATIA ROMANORVM IMPERATRIX GERMANIÆ HVNGARIÆ BOHEMIÆ REGINA ARCHIDVX AVSTRIÆ DVX BVRGVNDIÆ COMES TYROLIS,” which translates to “Maria Theresa, by the grace of God, Empress of the Romans, Queen of Germany, Hungary, and Bohemia, Archduchess of Austria, Duchess of Burgundy, Countess of Tyrol.” The initials “K” and “B” on either side of the monarch refer to the mint of Kremnitz (now Kremnica, Slovakia), where the coin was struck.

On the reverse, the crowned Madonna, seated and radiant, holds the glorified child on her right arm, with the orb in her left hand and a sceptre in her right. Below her is the crowned Hungarian coat of arms. The surrounding inscription reads: “PATRONA · REGNI · HUNGARIÆ · 1765,” which translates as “Patroness of the Kingdom of Hungary, AD 1765.”

As the only female ruler of the Holy Roman Empire, Maria Theresa was both a staunch conservative and a loyal follower of the Roman Catholic Church, rejecting the Enlightenment ideas emanating from France and opposing Protestant elites. At the same time, she sought to assert royal control over the Church’s revenues, curtail the autonomy of monasteries, and diminish papal influence, strengthening the monarch’s position in religious affairs.

In her efforts to maintain stability within the Empire, which governed a diverse array of ethnic groups, Maria Theresa promoted the Hungarian nobility, incorporating them into the military and strengthening their role in the governance of the Empire. She also acknowledged Hungary’s autonomous status, incorporated certain territories into the Kingdom of Hungary, and introduced reforms to address long-standing issues such as the heavy tax burden on peasants, while exempting the nobility from taxes. As a result, the Hungarian people, during her reign, grew increasingly aligned with the authority of the imperial monarchy.

物件編號: A1398

年代: 公元 1765 年

材質: 黃金

尺寸: 24.2 x 24.2 mm

製造地: 克雷姆尼茨(克雷姆尼察)

來源: 福君錢幣 2024

這是一枚於神聖羅馬帝國皇后瑪麗亞·特蕾莎(兼任匈牙利女王)在位時期所鑄造的2達克特金幣，其邊緣為齒狀設計，金幣正面為一位站立的君王穿著華麗服裝，腰間配劍，左手持十字聖球，右手持權杖。周圍則有一圈環狀銘文，以拉丁文書寫：「瑪麗亞·特蕾莎，蒙上帝恩典，羅馬皇后，德國女王，匈牙利女王，波希米亞女王，奧地利大公，勃艮第公爵，提洛伯爵」，其完整原文應是：「MARIA THERESIA DEI GRATIA ROMANORVM IMPERATRIX GERMANIÆ HVNGARIÆ BOHEMIÆ REGINA ARCHIDVX AVSTRIÆ DVX BVRGVNDIÆ COMES TYROLIS」。站立的君王左右側分別有「K」「B」2字，是代表此金幣由匈牙利克雷姆尼茨（現今名為克雷姆尼察，位於斯洛伐克境內）的鑄幣廠鑄造。金幣背面則可看到已加冕的聖母保持坐姿並散發著光芒，右臂抱著充滿光輝的聖嬰；左手持十字聖球，右手持權杖，其下方則是頂戴皇冠的匈牙利紋章。周圍的圓形銘文則寫著：「PATRONA · REGNI · HUNGARIÆ · 1765」，意思是：「匈牙利王國的守護者，公元1765年」。

作為史上唯一一位神聖羅馬帝國的女性統治者，瑪麗亞·特蕾莎一方面是一位堅定的的保守主義者，不僅排拒來自法國的啟蒙思想風潮，並且對羅馬天主教會保持忠誠，對新教菁英極力排斥。但另一方面，瑪麗亞·特蕾莎亦加強對教會收入的控制，限制修道院的自由並削弱教皇的權力，加強君主在宗教事務的地位。

同時瑪麗亞·特蕾莎為了能夠讓帝國在統治著大量不同民族的情形下也能保持穩定，選擇提拔匈牙利貴族，使他們在軍事領域方面為帝國服務，加強了匈牙利貴族在國家事務的地位。另外她也承認匈牙利王國的自治地位，將部份領土劃入匈牙利王國，並制定法律來改善匈牙利的稅收長期使農民承受沉重負擔，而貴族卻不納稅等問題，整體而言匈牙利人在她任內增強了對帝國君主權威的認同。