Item number: A1326

Year: AD 1539

Material: Gold

Size: 20.3 x 20.3 mm

Provenance: Stacks Bowers 2024

This is a 1-florin gold coin minted during the reign of John Zápolya, King of Hungary, in AD 1539. The coin features a prominent hole in its centre. On the obverse, it depicts the crowned Madonna holding the infant Jesus on her right arm, seated on a crescent moon. Surrounding this image is an inscription in Latin, reading: “IOANNES∗D∗G – R∗HVNGARIE∗,” which translates to “John, by the grace of God, King of Hungary.” Beneath the Madonna’s feet is a shield bearing a wolf, the coat of arms of the Zápolya family.

The reverse side portrays a standing king, holding a long-handled axe and a cross orb. On either side of the king, there are motifs of a tower and the Zápolya family shield, along with two mint marks. The inscription around the reverse reads: “S∗LADISLAVS – REX∗1540,” which translates to “Saint King László, AD 1539.”

The florin coin was first minted by the Republic of Florence in AD 1252 and became widely recognised as a commercial currency across Europe during the medieval period, alongside the ducat. In addition to Florence, several other nations minted their own versions of the florin, leading to many variations of the coin. The modern Hungarian currency, the forint, takes its name from this historic coin.

Following the Battle of Mohács in AD 1526, the Habsburg family of Austria claimed the Hungarian throne through marriage, thereby splitting the Hungarian Kingdom’s territories with the Ottoman Empire. The eastern part of Hungary was ruled by John Zápolya, supported by the Ottomans, while Ferdinand I of the Habsburgs controlled the western region, with the central territories being absorbed by the Ottomans.

物件編號: A1326

年代: 公元 1539 年

材質: 黃金

尺寸: 20.3 x 20.3 mm

來源: SBP錢幣拍賣 2024

這是一枚公元1539年匈牙利國王約翰·扎波利亞在位期間所鑄造的1弗羅林金幣，金幣本身有一個明顯的孔洞。其正面是戴著皇冠的聖母瑪利亞，懷抱著尚為嬰孩的耶穌，坐於一彎新月之上。其周遭的環形銘文用拉丁文寫著「IOANNES∗D∗G – R∗HVNGARIE∗」，意思是「由上帝之恩，匈牙利國王約翰」。聖母腳下有一枚帶有狼紋的盾牌，為扎波利亞家族的盾徽。金幣背面描繪了一位站立的國王，他手持長柄輕斧和一個十字聖球，其兩側分別有一個城樓圖樣及扎波利亞家族盾徽，以及兩個鑄幣標記。其周遭的環形銘文寫著「S∗LADISLAVS – REX∗1540」意思是「聖國王斯拉洛．公元1539年」。

弗羅林金幣最早由佛羅倫斯共和國在公元1252年鑄造，在歐洲中世紀時期被大部分的歐洲國家被認可為可使用的商業貨幣，其與達克特金幣為歐洲中世紀晚期流通最廣之貨幣。除了佛羅倫斯以外，亦有其他國家自行鑄造並發行不同版本的弗羅林金幣，使得弗羅林金幣衍生出大量變種。現今匈牙利貨幣的名稱為福林，其名稱來源即為弗羅林金幣。

奧地利哈布斯堡家族自公元1526年第一次摩哈赤戰役後，從陣亡的拉約什二世以姻親的方式取得王位宣稱，並與鄂圖曼土耳其分割匈牙利王國領土。其中匈牙利東部地區由鄂圖曼帝國所支持的約翰·扎波利亞統治，而哈布斯堡王朝的斐迪南一世則取得匈牙利西部地區，中部地區則被鄂圖曼帝國吞併。