Item number: A1465

Year: AD 1934

Material: Cupronickel

Size: 20.6 x 20.6 mm

Manufactured by: Leningrad Mint

Provenance: Stack’s Bowers 2024

This is a 20-kopek coin issued in AD 1934 by the Tuvan People’s Republic, a Soviet satellite state located in Central Asia bordering Mongolia. The coin is made of cupronickel.

The obverse of the coin features a concentric circle design. In the outer ring, the Tuvan text, written in a combination of Latin and Cyrillic letters, indicates the issuing authority: “TЬBA SADЬƢ-YLETPYRNYꞐ BANKЬZЬ” (Tuvan Commercial Industrial Bank). The inner ring bears the country name: “TЬBA ARAT RESPUBLIK” (Tuvan People’s Republic).

The reverse of the coin features the denomination written in Tuvan text along the outer ring: “CEERBI KƟPEJEK” (20 Kopeks). At the centre, the Arabic numeral “20” indicates the denomination, and below it, the year of issuance is inscribed as “1934.”

The predecessor of the Tuvan People’s Republic was Tangnu Uriankhai, a region under the jurisdiction of the Qing Empire, primarily inhabited by Turkic nomads who had undergone Mongolization. By the late 19th century, with the expansion of the Russian Empire, the proportion of Russian settlers in the area gradually increased.

In AD 1911, during the Xinhai Revolution, the Russian Empire seized the opportunity to take control of the Tuva region. In AD 1921, amidst the Russian Civil War, the local Bolsheviks established the Tuvan People’s Republic, which was subsequently recognised by the Soviet Union.

In AD 1944, the Tuvan People’s Republic was annexed by the Soviet Union and became an autonomous oblast within it. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in AD 1991, Tuva became a republic within the Russian Federation, a status it retains to this day.

It is worth noting that the Republic of China (ROC), which overthrew the Qing Empire, consistently maintained its sovereignty claim over Tuva. This stance persisted even after the ROC’s defeat in the Chinese Civil War in AD 1949, which led to its retreat to Taiwan.

However, in AD 2013, the Taiwanese government of the Republic of China, considering international realities and pragmatic diplomacy, officially recognised Tuva as a constituent entity of the Russian Federation.

物件編號: A1465

年代: 公元 1934 年

材質: 白銅

尺寸: 20.6 x 20.6 mm

製造地: 列寧格勒造幣廠

來源: SBP錢幣拍賣 2024

這是一枚公元1934年，坐落於亞洲內陸和蒙古接壤的蘇聯衛星國「圖瓦人民共和國」發行之面額20戈比硬幣，材質為白銅。

錢幣正面有一道同心圓，以結合拉丁字母和西里爾字母標示的圖瓦文，在外圈標示發行單位「TЬBA SADЬƢ-YLETPYRNYꞐ BANKЬZЬ」(圖瓦工商銀行) 和內圈標示國名「TЬBA ARAT RESPUBLIK」(圖瓦人民共和國)。

錢幣背面的外圍是以圖瓦文標示的面額「CEERBI KƟPEJEK」(20戈比)，正中央的阿拉伯數字「20」是面額，下方的「1934」則是發行年份。

圖瓦人民共和國的前身是大清帝國管轄的「唐努烏梁海」，其人口主要為蒙古化的突厥游牧民族，公元19世紀末隨著俄羅斯帝國的擴張，俄羅斯裔移民在當地的比重也逐漸增加。公元1911年，辛亥革命爆發，俄羅斯帝國趁勢控制圖瓦地區。公元1921年，圖瓦受到俄國內戰的波及，當地的布爾什維克黨趁勢建立「圖瓦人民共和國」隨後獲得蘇聯承認。公元1944年，圖瓦人民共和國併入蘇聯成為轄下的自治州。公元1991年，蘇聯解體之後，圖瓦作為俄羅斯聯邦轄下的共和國地位迄今。

值得一提的是，推翻大清帝國的中華民國一直保留對於圖瓦的主權聲張，即便公元1949年國共內戰失利敗退至臺灣仍未改變。直到公元2013年，臺灣的中華民國政府才在國際現實的務實考量下，正式承認圖瓦共和國為俄羅斯聯邦主體之一。