Item number: A1443

Year: AD 1804-1805 (AH 1219)

Material: Tin

Size: 18.2 x 17.9 x 0.3 mm

Weight: 0.7 g

Provenance: Teutoburger Münzauktion GmbH 2023

This is a “Pitis” tin coin minted in the year AH 1219 (AD 1804 to AD 1805) during the reign of Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II, the eighth Sultan of Palembang in Sumatra, Indonesia. The term “Pitis” in Malay means “thin” or “light.”

This octagonal coin’s design is modelled after the square-holed coins brought by Chinese merchants or pirates who had long engaged in trade in the Southeast Asia region. The coin features a central hole for stringing.

The coin’s surrounding inscription in Jawi script, commonly used in the Malay Peninsula and the Indonesian archipelago, reads “مصروف في بلد ڤلمبڠ,” which translates to “Coin of Palembang.” The coin also bears the Islamic year “١٢١٩” (AH 1219), which corresponds to the period from AD 1804 to AD 1805.

Palembang is an important trading port located in the southern part of Sumatra Island, facing the South China Sea. Prior to the Age of Exploration, its advantageous position as a seaport, along with the abundance of pepper and tin, attracted merchants from China, India, and the Arab world for trade. In AD 1511, following the Portuguese conquest of the neighbouring Sultanate of Malacca, many of the Malaccan nobility fled to Sumatra, accelerating the Islamisation of Palembang and other areas.

In AD 1659, the Sultanate of Palembang was established, with the city as its capital. By AD 1803, during the reign of Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II, the throne had passed to the eighth generation. However, the sultanate faced increasing threats from the Dutch East India Company, headquartered in Batavia on Java. Throughout his reign, Mahmud Badaruddin II had multiple confrontations with both the British and the Dutch. Unfortunately, in AD 1821, he was captured by the Dutch and exiled to Batavia under house arrest. Ultimately, in AD 1825, the Dutch East India Company successfully dismantled the Sultanate of Palembang, incorporating it into their colonial empire.

物件編號: A1443

年代: 公元 1804-1805 年 (回曆 1219 年)

材質: 錫

尺寸: 18.2 x 17.9 x 0.3 mm

重量: 0.7 g

來源: 條頓堡錢幣拍賣 2023

這是一枚回曆1219年(公元1804至1805年)，印尼蘇門答臘島的巨港蘇丹國，其第八任蘇丹馬哈茂德·巴達魯丁二世任內鑄造之「皮蒂斯」錫幣，在馬來語有「輕薄」的意思。

這一枚八邊形錢幣的形制，模仿跟東南亞地區進行悠久貿易的中國商人或海盜帶來的方孔錢，錢幣中間有一個用以穿繫的圓孔。錢幣周圍以馬來半島和印尼群島通行的爪夷文標示「مصروف في بلد ڤلمبڠ」意思是「巨港的錢幣」以及發行的回曆「١٢١٩」(1219)，相當於公元1804至1805年。

巨港是坐落於蘇門答臘島南部，面朝南中國海的一個重要商港。於地理大發現以前憑藉著優良的海港地位以及盛產胡椒和錫，吸引來自中國、印度和阿拉伯世界的商人前往此地貿易。公元1511年，隨著葡萄牙征服鄰近的麻六甲蘇丹國，許多來自麻六甲的貴族避居於蘇門答臘，加速了巨港等地的伊斯蘭化。

公元1659年，以巨港為首都的蘇丹政權成立。公元1803年，馬哈茂德·巴達魯丁二世在位之際，王位已經傳至第八代，然而卻也面對以爪哇島巴達維亞為總部，荷蘭東印度公司的侵略和挑戰。馬哈茂德·巴達魯丁二世在位期間跟英國和荷蘭多次發生衝突，本人也不幸於公元1821年遭到荷蘭俘虜，被送往巴達維亞軟禁。最終於公元1825年，荷蘭東印度公司成功消滅巨港蘇丹國，將其劃入自身的殖民統治。