Item number: A1448

Year: AD 1779-1780 (AH 1193)

Material: Tin

Size: 13.0 x 12.9 x 0.2 mm

Weight: 0.35 g

Provenance: Teutoburger Münzauktion GmbH 2023

This is a “Pitis” tin coin minted during the reign of Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin, the seventh Sultan of the Sultanate of Palembang, in the year AH 1193 (AD 1779-1780), on the island of Sumatra, Indonesia. The term “Pitis” in Malay refers to something “light” or “thin.”

The obverse of this coin is inscribed in Jawi script, commonly used in the Malay Peninsula and the Indonesian archipelago, with the phrase “ال سلطان في بلد ڤلمبڠ,” meaning “Minted by the Sultan in the land of Palembang.” Below the inscription is the Hijri year “١١٩٣” (AH 1193), which corresponds to the Gregorian years AD 1779 to AD 1780.

The Palembang Sultanate also issued another type of Pitis coin, which was modelled after the square-holed coins brought by Chinese traders. This type features a central round hole, used for threading the coin.

Palembang is an important trading port located in the southern part of Sumatra Island, facing the South China Sea. Prior to the Age of Exploration, its advantageous position as a seaport, along with the abundance of pepper and tin, attracted merchants from China, India, and the Arab world for trade. In AD 1511, following the Portuguese conquest of the neighbouring Sultanate of Malacca, many of the Malaccan nobility fled to Sumatra, accelerating the Islamisation of Palembang and other areas.

In AD 1659, the Sultanate with Palembang as its capital was established. In AD 1825, the Dutch East India Company, headquartered in Batavia on Java Island, successfully destroyed the Palembang Sultanate and incorporated it into its colonial rule.

物件編號: A1448

年代: 公元 1779-1780 年 (回曆 1193 年)

材質: 錫

尺寸: 13.0 x 12.9 x 0.2 mm

重量: 0.35 g

來源: 條頓堡錢幣拍賣 2023

這是一枚回曆1193年 (公元1779-1780)，印尼蘇門答臘島的巨港蘇丹國，其第七任蘇丹馬哈茂德·巴達魯丁任內鑄造之「皮蒂斯」錫幣，在馬來語有「輕薄」的意思。

這一枚錢幣的正面以馬來半島和印尼群島通行的爪夷文標示「ال سلطان في بلد ڤلمبڠ」，意思為「蘇丹鑄造於巨港的土地」。下方則是鑄造的回曆年份「١١٩٣」(1193)，換算為公元1779至1780年。巨港蘇丹國尚有一種皮蒂斯是效仿中國商人帶來的方孔錢，即中央有一個穿繫用的圓孔形制。

巨港是坐落於蘇門答臘島南部，面朝南中國海的一個重要商港。於地理大發現以前憑藉著優良的海港地位以及盛產胡椒和錫，吸引來自中國、印度和阿拉伯世界的商人前往此地貿易。公元1511年，隨著葡萄牙征服鄰近的麻六甲蘇丹國，許多來自麻六甲的貴族避居於蘇門答臘，加速了巨港等地的伊斯蘭化。

公元1659年，以巨港為首都的蘇丹政權成立。公元1825年，以爪哇島的巴達維亞為總部的荷蘭東印度公司成功消滅巨港蘇丹國，將其劃入自身的殖民統治。