Item number: A1456

Year: AD 1898

Material: Gold

Size: 18.4 x 18.4 mm

Manufactured by: Autria Mint

Provenance: Fuchin Coin 2024

This is a 1 ducat commemorative gold coin issued in AD 1898 to celebrate the 50th anniversary of Franz Joseph I’s accession as Emperor of Austria. According to Jewish tradition, a 50th anniversary is referred to as a “golden jubilee.”

The obverse of the coin features a profile bust of Franz Joseph I adorned with a laurel crown, facing left. Surrounding the portrait is the Latin inscription “FRANC·IOS·I·D·G·AVSTR·IMP·HVNG·BOH·REX,” which expands to “Franciscus Josephus I Dei Gratia Austriae Imperator Hungariae Bohemiaeque Rex,” translating to “Franz Joseph I, by the Grace of God, Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary and Bohemia.” Below the bust, the abbreviation “A.” signifies the Vienna Mint (Münze Österreich).

The reverse side displays the double-headed eagle, emblematic of the Holy Roman Empire. Each eagle’s head is crowned with an archducal crown of Austria; one claw holds a sword, while the other grasps an orb of the cross. The eagle’s chest bears a shield divided into three sections. The left section depicts a crowned standing lion, symbolising the County of Habsburg. The central section displays three horizontal bars, representing the Archduchy of Austria, while the right section, with three eagles on a diagonal band, represents the Duchy of Lorraine. The shield is encircled by the chain of the Order of the Golden Fleece, and above the eagle is the Austrian imperial crown. Encircling the design is the Latin inscription “REX·LOMB·ET·VEN·DALM·GAL·LOD·ILL·A·A.1848,” which translates to “King of Lombardy and Venetia, Dalmatia, Galicia and Lodomeria, Illyria, Archduke of Austria.” The year “1848” marks Franz Joseph I’s accession, while “1898” below indicates the year of issuance.

Despite the shadow cast by the assassination of Empress Elisabeth in the same year, government entities and civic organisations across the Austro-Hungarian Empire enthusiastically organised events and published commemorative works to honour the emperor’s golden jubilee. However, in some territories, the celebrations felt notably hollow and awkward. In Bohemia, the ongoing Badeni crisis, which began in 1897, exacerbated tensions between German and Czech speakers over the bilingual policy, fostering mutual animosity and intensifying nationalist sentiments, foreshadowing constitutional issues within the empire. Similarly, the aftermath of territorial expansion in the Balkans in 1878 continued to fuel ethnic conflicts within the empire. In Hungary, the jubilee celebrations were met with official indifference, as the Emperor only assumed the title of King of Hungary following the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867. The eventual disintegration of the Austro-Hungarian Empire could already be glimpsed during this commemorative year.

Franz Joseph I, Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary, ascended the throne in AD 1848 and ruled until his death in AD 1916, making his 68-year reign one of the longest in European history. His accession coincided with a period of significant upheaval, marked by the revolutionary wave in AD 1848 that swept across Europe, demanding liberty and national independence. During his reign, Austro-Hungarian Empire occupied Bosnia and Herzegovina following the AD 1878 Congress of Berlin, beginning its administration of the region while the Ottoman Empire retained nominal sovereignty. In AD 1908, Austro-Hungarian Empire formally annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina, provoking the ire of Serbia and Russia and heightening tensions in the Balkans. In AD 1914, Franz Joseph’s nephew and heir, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, was assassinated in Sarajevo, an event known as the Sarajevo Incident. Subsequently, Austro-Hungarian Empire declared war on Serbia, setting off a chain of events that culminated in the outbreak of World War I.

物件編號: A1456

年代: 公元 1898 年

材質: 黃金

尺寸: 18.4 x 18.4 mm

製造地: 奧地利鑄幣廠

來源: 福君錢幣 2024

這是一枚公元1898年，為慶祝法蘭茲·約瑟夫一世即位奧地利皇帝50周年，而發行的1達克特紀念金幣。依猶太教傳統，50周年稱為金禧(golden Jubilee)。

金幣的正面為頭戴桂冠的法蘭茲·約瑟夫一世側身胸像，面朝左。周圍環繞著拉丁簡寫「FRANC·IOS·I·D·G·AVSTR·IMP·HVNG·BOH·REX」，全稱為「Franciscus Josephus I Dei Gratia Austriae Imperator Hungariae Bohemiaeque Rex」，意即「法蘭茲·約瑟夫二世，蒙上帝恩典，奧地利的皇帝，匈牙利與波西米亞國王」。下方的縮寫「A.」則是維也納鑄幣廠(Münze Österreich)的標記。

金幣的背面則有代表神聖羅馬帝國的雙頭鷹，其雙頭皆戴著奧地利大公的冠冕、一手持劍、一手持十字聖球，胸前盾徽垂直分割為三個部分，最左側為戴冠人立的雄獅，代表著哈布斯堡伯爵領。中間為三道橫紋，代表奧地利大公國。右側斜帶上的三隻鷹，代表著洛林公國。盾徽邊緣環繞著代表金羊毛騎士團的大鏈章，雙頭鷹上方則為奧地利的帝國皇冠。周圍環繞著拉丁簡寫「REX·LOMB·ET·VEN·DALM·GAL·LOD·ILL·A·A.1848.」，即「Rex Lombardiae et Venetiae Dalmatiae Galiciae Lodomiriae Illyriae Archidux Austriae」，意為「倫巴底與威尼托、達爾馬提亞、加利西亞與洛多梅里亞、伊利里亞國王，奧地利大公 」。「1848」則為法蘭茲·約瑟夫一世即位之年，下方則為發行年「1898」。

公元1898年，儘管同年皇后伊莉莎白遇刺身亡的陰霾未散，奧匈帝國各地的政府單位與民間組織仍一同熱烈地舉辦活動、出版各類刊物，以紀念老皇帝的50周年執政。但在一些領地，皇帝的慶典顯得格外空洞而尷尬。在波西米亞地區，公元1897年開始的巴德尼危機(Badeni-Krawalle)正在發酵，雙語政策正在使德語使用者與捷克語使用者相互敵視，興起的民族主義正在醞釀成帝國的憲政問題。公元1878年，在巴爾幹地區進行的領土擴張餘波猶存，同樣加劇了帝國內部的族群衝突。在匈牙利地區，公元1898年的慶典遭匈牙利王國官方的冷遇，因為自公元1867年起，奧地利皇帝才兼任匈牙利國王。日後奧匈帝國的解體，在這次慶典中已可見一班。

法蘭茲·約瑟夫一世是奧地利皇帝兼匈牙利國王，自公元1848年登基，統治直至公元1916年去世，統治時間長達68年，是歐洲歷史上在位時間最長的君主之一。繼位之時，正值歐洲發生一連串重大動盪事件，包括公元1848年的一系列革命，這些革命浪潮席捲歐洲多國，要求自由和民族獨立。他在位期間，奧匈帝國於公元1878年柏林會議後佔領了波斯尼亞和黑塞哥維那，並開始對該地區進行統治，原統治者鄂圖曼土耳其帝國成為名義上的宗主國。公元1908年，奧匈帝國正式吞併了波斯尼亞和黑塞哥維那，這一舉動激怒了塞爾維亞和俄羅斯，加劇了巴爾幹半島的緊張局勢。公元1914年，法蘭茲·約瑟夫一世的侄子、皇儲法蘭茲·斐迪南大公在波斯尼亞首府薩拉熱窩被刺殺，史稱「薩拉熱窩事件」。隨後，奧匈帝國向塞爾維亞宣戰，引發了一系列事件，最終導致第一次世界大戰的爆發。