Ilkhanate

Abu Sa’id

Gold Dinar

伊兒汗國

不賽因

金第納爾

Item number: A1480

Year: AD 1318-1319 (AH 718)

Material: Gold

Size: 23.5 x 23.1 mm

Weight: 8.62 g

Manufactured by: Tabriz, Iran

Provenance: Stack’s Bowers 2024

This is a gold dinar minted in the Hijri year 718 (AD 1318–1319) during the reign of Abu Sa’id, the ninth ruler of the Ilkhanate.

The obverse side of the coin is surrounded by two concentric circles and a beaded border. At the centre is a lotus motif with eight petals. Inside the lotus design, the Shahada (Islamic declaration of faith) is inscribed in Arabic: “ﻻ ﺍﻟﻪ ﺍﻻ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ” (“There is no deity but God, and Muhammad is the Messenger of God”), along with a Shia invocation praising Ali: “ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ” (“Ali is the representative of God”). The surrounding circular inscription reads “تبارك الذي وهو علي كل شئ قدير”, a verse from the Quran (67:1), which translates as: “Blessed is He in whose hand is sovereignty, and He is over all things competent.”

The reverse side of the coin features a single concentric circle, with a six-petal bergamot motif at the centre. Inside the bergamot design, an Arabic inscription reads from top to bottom: “ضرب في السلطان دولة المولى العظم ابو سعيد خلد الله ملكه”, which translates as: “This coin was struck under the Sultan—the great Mawla Abu Sa’id. May God perpetuate his reign.” Between the bergamot motif and the concentric circle, the minting location and date are inscribed in Arabic: “This coin was struck in the name of God in Tabriz in Hijri 718.” Additionally, the area is adorned with three decorative motifs featuring double concentric circles.

During his reign, Abu Sa’id continued the financial policies of his uncle and father, the two previous rulers, by steadily decreasing the weight of coins and issuing several different styles of currency. Also, Reign of Abu Sa’id marked the conclusion of the last peaceful period for the Ilkhanate. Following his death, the Ilkhanate plunged into division and internal strife. It wasn’t until the 14th century that the Turko-Mongol power from Central Asia, the Timurid Empire, once again unified the authorities on the Iranian plateau.

物件編號: A1480

年代: 公元 1318–1319 (回曆 718) 年

材質: 黃金

尺寸: 23.5 x 23.1 mm

重量: 8.62 g

製造地: 大不里士,伊朗

來源: SBP錢幣拍賣 2024

這是一枚回曆718年 (公元1318-1319年),伊兒汗國的第九任統治者不賽因鑄造的金第納爾。

金幣正面的最外圍有兩道同心圓和一道珠圈環繞,正中央是一個八瓣花的蓮花輪廓。蓮花圖騰內以阿拉伯文,從上而下打印穆斯林熟悉的清真言禱詞「ﻻ ﺍﻟﻪ ﺍﻻ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ」(萬物非主,唯有真主。穆罕默德是真主的使者),以及什葉派推崇阿里的禱詞「ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ」(阿里是真主的代言人)。周圍的環形銘文「تبارك الذي وهو علي كل شئ قدير」出自《古蘭經67:1》,意思是「多福哉擁有主權者!他對於萬事是全能的」。

金幣背面有一道同心圓,正中間則是一個六瓣花的香檸檬輪廓。香檸檬圖騰內從上而下打印銘文「ضرب في السلطان دولة المولى العظم ابو سعيد خلد الله ملكه」,意思是「此硬幣鑄於蘇丹—偉大的毛拉阿不·賽因德統治期間,願真主永佑其國祚」。香檸檬輪廓和同心圓間,以阿拉伯文打印鑄造地點和時間「這枚錢幣奉真主之名,於回曆718年鑄造於大不里士」,中間還交雜三枚雙同心圓的圖騰作為裝飾。

不賽因在位期間,沿襲叔叔和父親前兩任統治者的財政政策,不斷降低硬幣的重量並發行數種不同樣式的硬幣。不賽因統治時期亦是汗國最後的承平時期,待他駕崩後,伊兒汗國便陷入分裂和內戰的局面。直到公元14世紀,來自中亞的突厥化蒙古勢力:帖木兒帝國,才再度一統伊朗高原的政治勢力。

類似/相同物件 請看:

英國 大英博物館 The British Museum

https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/C_1884-0703-121

ZENO.RU – Oriental Coins Database 網站

https://www.zeno.ru/showphoto.php?photo=345492&cat=3852&ppuser=&sortby=d&way=desc

更多相關訊息請參考:

https://tokakte.dk/cgi-bin/webdata_ilkhanid.pl?fid=1241520435&query=pagenum%3D1%26cgifunction%3DSearch%26Ruler%3DAbu%2520Sa%2527id&cgifunction=form

Sheila S. Blair, “The Coins of the Later Ilkhānids: Mint Organization, Regionalization, and Urbanism,” Museum Notes (American Numismatic Society), 1982, pp. 211-230

Sheila S. Blair, “The Coins of the Later Ilkhanids: A Typological Analysis,” Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, 1983, pp. 295-317

Michael Mitchiner, Oriental Coins and Their Values: The World of Islam (London: Hawkins Publications, 1977)

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