ROC

Canton Martyrs Memorial Commemorative Coin

20 Cent

民國

黃花崗紀念幣

貳角

Item number: A1635

Year: AD 1928

Material: Silver

Size: 22.8 x 22.8 x 1.2 mm

Weight: 5.4 g

Provenance: Da Chen Stamps and Coins Collection 2014

This is a commemorative silver coin issued in the 17th year of the Republic of China (AD 1928) by Fujian Province, featuring the Huanghuagang Seventy-Two Martyrs’ Mausoleum in Guangzhou as its central theme. The series was minted in two denominations: 10 cents and 20 cents, with this specimen being the two-jiao variant. Fujian Province issued commemorative coins featuring the Huanghuagang Mausoleum in AD 1928, 1931, and 1932.

The obverse of the coin features a frontal depiction of the Huanghuagang Martyrs’ Mausoleum, clearly showcasing the commemorative arch inscribed with the characters “Seventy-Two Martyrs” (七十二烈士). At the top, there is a Statue of Liberty, symbolising republican ideals, which was donated by overseas Chinese in the United States. In AD 1936, this statue was replaced with the emblem of the Kuomintang, only to be restored after the establishment of the People’s Republic of China. However, it was destroyed during the Cultural Revolution. The current Statue of Liberty at the mausoleum is a replica commissioned by the Guangzhou municipal government after the end of the Cultural Revolution. The upper edge of the coin bears the Chinese inscription “Huanghuagang Commemorative Coin” (黃花崗紀念幣).

The reverse of the coin features a beaded circular border, with the central design displaying a sun emblem, which serves as the insignia of the Chinese Nationalist Party (Kuomintang). Within the emblem, the denomination “20” is inscribed in Arabic numerals. On the lower portion of the outer ring, two four-petalled floral ornaments symmetrically divide the design. The upper edge bears the inscription “Minted by Fujian Province in the 17th Year of the Republic of China” (中華民國十七年福建省造), while the lower edge states the denomination equivalency: “Five pieces equal one yuan” (每五枚當一圓).

The Huanghuagang Seventy-Two Martyrs’ Mausoleum commemorates the failed uprising led by Huang Xing on April 27, AD 1911, in Guangzhou, which was organised by members of the Tongmenghui to overthrow the Qing Dynasty. Many participants in this uprising were young revolutionaries from Southeast Asia, as well as Guangdong and Fujian provinces, with Fujianese martyrs accounting for twenty individuals. Among them, Lin Juemin, renowned for his farewell letter to his wife, is the most well-known.

After the establishment of the Republic of China, the Guangzhou municipal government gathered the remains of those buried at the site and successfully identified seventy-two individuals, subsequently constructing the mausoleum in their honour. In AD 1943, the Nationalist government further institutionalised the commemoration of the Huanghuagang martyrs by designating March 29 as Youth Day.

物件編號: A1635

年代: 公元 1928 年

材質:

尺寸: 22.8 x 22.8 x 1.2 mm

重量: 5.4 g

來源: 大城郵幣社 2014

這是一枚民國17年 (公元1928年),福建省以廣州的黃花崗七十二烈士陵寢為主題發行的紀念銀幣,總共有壹角和貳角兩種面額,本藏品為貳角。福建省先後在公元1928、1931和1932年發行過黃花崗紀念幣。

錢幣正面為烈士陵寢的正面風景照,可以清楚看到刻有「七十二烈士」字跡的紀功坊,以及正上方由旅美華僑贈與象徵共和思想的自由女神像。公元1936年,這尊自由女神像被替換為國民黨黨徽,直到中共建政後才重新安置回去,但是在文化大革命期間又遭到破壞。目前陵寢的自由女神像為文化大革命結束後,廣東市政府委託藝術家重新製作的替代品。錢幣上緣以漢字標示「黃花崗紀念幣」。

錢幣背面有一道珠圈,正中央的太陽為中國國民黨黨徽,黨徽中間以阿拉伯數字標示面額「20」。外圍左右兩側靠近下方的位置,各以一個四瓣花飾作為分野,上緣標示發行年份和單位「中華民國十七年福建省造」,下緣則是面額「每五枚當一圓」。

黃花崗七十二烈士陵寢是紀念公元1911年4月27日,黃興率領同盟會成員在廣州發起推翻清朝的失敗起義,參與這場起義的多是來自東南亞以及廣東和福建兩省的年輕人,其中福建籍的烈士就佔了二十人,以《與妻訣別書》作者林覺民最為出名。中華民國成立之後,廣州市政府整理當時埋骨於此的烈士遺骸,先後整理出其中七十二人的身分並建立陵寢紀念。公元1943年,國民政府更進一步以紀念黃花崗烈士為理由,將3月29日制定為青年節。

類似/相同物件 請看:

PCGS 官網

https://www.pcgsasia.com/valueview/index?l=zh-CHT&cid=4265&specno=117559&c=CNY

臺灣 國立歷史博物館 National Museum of History

https://collections.culture.tw/nmh_collectionsweb/collection.aspx?GID=MZMHMRMZMXM2

更多相關訊息請參考:

耿愛德,《中國幣圖說滙考金銀鎳鋁》(北京: 金城出版社, 2014)

林國明 編,《中國近代機制金銀幣目錄》(上海:上海科學技術出版社,2021)

王舒乙,〈黃花崗七十二烈士紀念幣〉,《西安市:收藏》,(2017),80-81

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