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Ptolemaic Kingdom
Ptolemy III Euergetes
Bronze Coin
托勒密王國
托勒密三世「施惠者」
銅幣
Item number: A1649
Year: 246-222 BC
Material: Bronze
Size: 38.6 x 37.5 x 4.7 mm
Weight: 37.25 g
Provenance: Coincraft 2017
This is a bronze coin minted during the reign of Ptolemy III Euergetes (r. 246–222 BC) in the Ptolemaic Kingdom, which was centred in Egypt during the Hellenistic period.
The surface of this bronze coin has undergone significant wear, but its contours remain faintly discernible. The obverse features a right-facing portrait of Zeus-Ammon, wearing a taenia and a basileion. This depiction reflects the fusion of Greek mythology with the local Egyptian solar cult, a hallmark of Ptolemaic royal iconography.
The reverse of the coin exhibits more severe wear than the obverse. However, by referencing museum collections, it can be identified as featuring a distinctively Ptolemaic eagle with folded wings, standing on a thunderbolt and facing left. On the eagle’s shoulder is a cornucopia, symbolising abundance. The Greek inscription on either side of the eagle, “ΠΤΟΛΕΜΑΙΟΥ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ,” translates literally to “of King Ptolemy.”
The Ptolemaic Kingdom was established in 305 BC following the death of Alexander the Great, when his general Ptolemy seized control of Egypt and founded a Hellenistic dynasty. While introducing Greek culture, Ptolemy I and his successors also integrated local Egyptian traditions in politics and religious practises, including adopting the title of Pharaoh. Ptolemy III, known as “Euergetes,” pursued an expansionist policy, waging wars against the neighbouring Seleucid Empire to extend his realm. Domestically, he undertook major construction projects and closely allied with the priesthood to reinforce his image as Pharaoh and consolidate his rule.