Roman Empire

Phoenicia-Tyre

Trajan

Tetradrachm

羅馬帝國

腓尼基-泰爾

圖拉真

四德拉克馬

Item number: A1648

Year: AD 98-117

Material: Silver

Size: 24.2 x 22.3 x 4.0 mm

Weight: 14.15 g

Provenance: Coincraft 2017

This is a silver tetradrachm minted between AD 98 and AD 117 during the reign of Emperor Trajan of the Roman Empire. It was struck in Tyre, a major Phoenician port city located along the Mediterranean coast in present-day Lebanon.

The obverse of the coin features a right-facing, laureate portrait of Emperor Trajan. Below the portrait, a club—symbolising the attributes of the Roman deity Hercules—and an eagle are depicted as decorative elements. The surrounding inscription in Greek reads “AYTOKP KAIC NEP TPAIANOC CEB ΓERM ΔAK,” referring to Trajan’s early military achievements, particularly his title “Germanicus” (Victor over the Germans), which he earned following his campaigns in Germania.

The reverse of the coin features a right-facing portrait of Melqart, the patron deity of Tyre, draped in a lion skin, reflecting the city’s deep Phoenician cultural influences. In the Phoenician language, Melqart means “King of the City-State,” and the rulers of Tyre often claimed descent from him. The ancient Greek historian Herodotus identified Melqart with Heracles of Tyre. To the left of the portrait, the Greek inscription “ΔΗΜΑΡΧ” denotes “Tribunician Power”, while to the right, “EΞ YΠAT” signifies “Consular Authority.”

Trajan was one of the “Five Good Emperors” in Roman history, known for his extensive military campaigns that significantly expanded the territory of the Roman Empire. In recognition of his achievements, the Trajan’s Column was erected in Rome to commemorate his victories, and the Senate honoured him with the title of “Optimus Princeps” (the Most Excellent First Citizen).

物件編號: A1648

年代: 公元 98-117 年

材質:

尺寸: 24.2 x 22.3 x 4.0 mm

重量: 14.15 g

來源: 錢幣工藝 2017

這是一枚公元98至117年,時值羅馬帝國的圖拉真皇帝統治時期,位於今日黎巴嫩比鄰地中海沿岸的腓尼基重要港口城市泰爾,所鑄造的四德拉克馬銀幣。

錢幣正面是頭戴桂冠的圖拉真皇帝右側肖像,肖像的下方以羅馬神明赫丘利使用的木棒和一隻老鷹作為裝飾。錢幣周圍則以希臘文標示「AYTOKP KAIC NEP TPAIANOC CEB ΓERM ΔAK」,即是圖拉真早年於征服日耳曼尼亞的軍功獲得的頭銜「日耳曼征服者」。

錢幣背面則是泰爾這座深受腓尼基文化影響的海港城市,供奉之城市守護神圍著獅子皮的「梅爾卡特」右側肖像。梅爾卡特在腓尼基語中意思是「城邦之王」,泰爾的統治者也常常自稱是梅爾卡特的後裔,古希臘著名的史學家希羅多德稱其為「泰爾的海克力斯」。肖像左側有希臘文「ΔΗΜΑΡΧ」意思是「元老」,右側「EΞ YΠAT」意思是「保民官權力」。

圖拉真是羅馬歷史上的「五賢帝」之一,在位期間大力替羅馬帝國拓展版圖。因此在首都羅馬有矗立讚揚他偉業的圖拉真柱,元老院也頒予他「最優秀的第一公民」頭銜。

類似/相同物件 請看:

英國 大英博物館 The British Museum

https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/C_1930-0812-31

美國 錢幣學會 American Numismatic Society

https://numismatics.org/collection/1956.127.1576

更多相關訊息請參考:

https://www.worldhistory.org/Tyre/

https://www.beastcoins.com/RomanProvincial/Phoenicia-Tyre/Phoenicia-Tyre.htm

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