Item number: A1794

Year: AD 1938

Material: Nickel

Size: 24.9 x 24.9 x 1.5 mm

Weight: 5.5 g

Provenance: Da Chen Stamps and Coins Collection 2014

This is a 50-cent nickel coin issued in the 27th year of the Republic of China (AD 1938) by the Bank of Mengjiang, which was established jointly by the Mongolian United Committee under the control of the Japanese Kwantung Army.

The obverse of the coin features the Chinese characters “蒙疆銀行” (Bank of Mengjiang) enclosed within an octagonal frame, with a multi-petalled floral design at the centre. Below the frame, the issuing year is inscribed as “民國二十七年” (27th year of the Republic of China, AD 1938).

The reverse side displays the denomination “五角” (50 cents), flanked by decorative elements consisting of Guazi dragons and scrolling foliage patterns. The upper edge is adorned with traditional Mongolian script.

In AD 1937, after the Japanese army entered Chahar and Rehe—regions with a majority Mongol population—they successively established three puppet regimes: the “Chanan Autonomous Government,” the “Jinbei Autonomous Government,” and the “Mongolian United Autonomous Government.”

On November 22, AD 1937, to strengthen economic control over these regions, the Japanese army invited representatives from the three governments to a meeting in Zhangjiakou, where they passed a resolution to establish the Bank of Mengjiang. Following its establishment, the bank issued banknotes in four denominations: 100, 10, 5, and 1 yuan. In terms of coinage, a 50-cent nickel coin was also issued.

In AD 1939, the Japanese army further consolidated the three puppet regimes into the “Mengjiang United Autonomous Government.” Within its territory, coins of small denominations issued by Manchukuo and Japan were also widely circulated.

After Japan’s unconditional surrender in AD 1945, the capital of the Mengjiang United Autonomous Government, Zhangjiakou, was first occupied by the Chinese Communist forces. It was not until October AD 1946 that the Nationalist forces regained control of the city. Subsequently, the Nationalist government implemented a currency exchange programme from June 1 to November 30, AD 1947, redeeming Bank of Mengjiang-issued currency at an exchange rate of 1 yuan to 40 cents.

物件編號: A1794

年代: 公元 1938 年

材質: 鎳

尺寸: 24.9 x 24.9 x 1.5 mm

重量: 5.5 g

來源: 大城郵幣社 2014

這是一枚民國27年 (公元1938年)，日本關東軍控制的「蒙疆聯合委員會」共同成立的「蒙疆銀行」發行的面額五角鎳幣。

錢幣正面是包覆在八邊形造型框架的漢字「蒙疆銀行」，正中央是一個多重瓣的花飾。框架的下方標示著發行年份為「民國二十七年」(公元1938年)。錢幣背面是兩側以拐子龍和卷草紋裝飾的面額「五角」，上緣則以傳統蒙文作為裝飾。

公元1937年，日軍進入蒙古族佔多數的察哈爾和熱河等地後，相繼成立「察南、晉北和蒙古聯盟自治政府」三個魁儡政權。公元1937年11月22日，為了加強對於上述地區的經濟控制，日軍邀請三個政府的代表於張家口召開會議並通過設立「蒙疆銀行」的決議。蒙疆銀行設立之後，先後發行面額100、10、5和1元，四種面額的紙鈔。硬幣方面則發行面額5角的鎳幣。

公元1939年，日軍更進一步將三個魁儡政權整併為「蒙疆聯合自治政府」，其境內也廣泛流通使用滿洲國和日本小面額硬幣。公元1945年，日本宣布無條件投降後，蒙疆聯合自治政府的首府張家口先遭到共軍的占領，後續國軍於公元1946年10月方才重新佔領。國民政府在公元1947年6月1日至11月30日，宣布以1元兌換四角的匯率回收蒙疆銀行發行的錢幣。