Item number: M396

Year: AD 1958

Size: 99.2 x 34.6 x 2.0 mm

Weight: 17.1 g

Provenance: Limoges Enchères 2024

This is the Satyalancana Gerakan Operasi Militer II (Second Military Operation Loyalty Medal), instituted in AD 1958 and awarded to members of the Indonesian Armed Forces for their meritorious service in suppressing the A.R.P.A. coup in AD 1950.

The medal’s obverse is slightly raised, featuring at its centre the inscription “G.O.M. II”, which stands for “Gerakan Operasi Militer II”, literally meaning “the Second Military Operation Incident”. It is encircled by ears of rice and cotton, with an outer rim that has a wavy-edged border. The reverse is slightly recessed, bearing the inscription “REPUBLIK INDONESIA” slightly above the centre, denoting “Republic of Indonesia”. The ribbon is red with black markings; specifically, it is 25 millimetres wide and 35 millimetres long, adorned with five vertical black stripes, each 2 millimetres wide and separated by 1 millimetre, with the third stripe positioned at the centre of the ribbon.

The Satyalancana (Loyalty Medal) is an emblem of honour in Indonesia, ranking below the Tanda Kehormatan Bintang (Star of Honour) and the Tanda Jasa Medali (Service Medal). It is conferred for both military and civil merits, based on either the length of service or specific actions. Its etymology is derived from Sanskrit, with “satya” (सत्य) meaning “truth” or “loyalty” and “alankara” (अलंकार) signifying “decoration” or “embellishment”.

The A.R.P.A. coup was a coup d’état executed in AD 1950 in Bandung by the pro-Dutch militia organisation known as the Angkatan Perang Ratu Adil (A.R.P.A., which means “Just Ruler Legion”). The coup aimed to oppose Sukarno and the increasing centralisation inherent in a unitary republic, and to restore the influence of federalism. Its leader, Raymond Pierre Paul Westerling, a retired captain of the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army, opposed the transfer of further power from the Dutch to the Indonesian government and supported the autonomy of federal states such as the pro-Dutch Negara Pasundan. The term “Ratu Adil” (Just Ruler) is derived from Javanese messianic mythology. Although the coup briefly secured control of Bandung, its advance towards Jakarta was unsuccessful, and Westerling eventually went into exile in the Netherlands. The coup further exacerbated popular Indonesian hostility towards federalism and the Dutch, and later that same year the Indonesian Federal Republic was dissolved, leading to the establishment of the Republic of Indonesia.

物件編號: M396

年代: 公元 1958 年

尺寸: 99.2 x 34.6 x 2.0 mm

重量: 17.1 g

來源: 利摩日拍賣 2024

此為公元1958年頒行之第二次軍事行動忠誠獎章，頒予公元1950年，於鎮壓A.R.P.A.政變有功之印尼武裝部隊成員。

獎章之正面微凸，中央為「G.O.M. II」，即「Gerakan Operasi Militer II 」，直譯為「第二次軍事行動事件」。周圍由稻穗與棉花環繞，外側有環，邊緣為波浪狀。背面微凹，中央偏上「REPUBLIK INDONESIA」，意即「印尼共和國」。勳帶為紅底黑紋，具體為25公釐寬，35公釐長的紅底勳帶上，有五道豎直黑條紋，每條寬2公釐，每條之間的距離為1公釐，而第三條條帶位於勳帶正中間。

忠誠獎章(Satyalancana)是印尼的榮譽標誌，其等級低於「星級榮譽勳章」(Tanda Kehormatan Bintang)和「功績獎章」(Tanda Jasa Medali)。事由分為軍事與民事，可以基於服務年限或具體事件。其辭源為梵語，其中「satya」(सत्य)意為「真理」或「忠誠」，而「alankara」(अलंकार)則意指「裝飾」或「點綴」。

A.R.P.A.政變是印尼於公元1950年，由親荷民兵組織正義統治者軍團(Angkatan Perang Ratu Adil，A.R.P.A.)，在萬隆發動的政變，旨在反對蘇卡諾以及單一共和制的日益集權，恢復聯邦制的影響力。其領導人雷蒙德·皮埃爾·保羅·韋斯特林(Raymond Pierre Paul Westerling)是荷蘭皇家東印度陸軍的退休上尉，反對荷蘭向印尼政府移交更多權力，支持親荷的巴順丹邦(Negara Pasundan)等聯邦州的自治。「正義統治者」來自爪哇的救世主神話。政變短暫控制萬隆，但進軍雅加達未果而失敗，韋斯特林本人輾轉流亡荷蘭。政變加深了印尼大眾對於聯邦制與荷蘭的敵意，而就在政變同年稍晚，印尼聯邦共和國解散，印尼共和國成立。