Item number: M413

Year: AD 1829-1889

Material: Gold and Enamel

Size: 61.2 x 22.0 x 6.6 mm

Weight: 6.05 g

Provenance: Beaussant Lefèvre 2024

This is an Order of the Rose, established on October 17, AD 1829, by Emperor Pedro I of the Empire of Brazil to commemorate his marriage to his second wife, Amélie of Leuchtenberg from Bavaria.

There are two versions regarding the origin of the Order of the Rose. One states that Emperor Pedro I was so captivated by Amélie’s beauty that he likened her to a rose. The other suggests that Amélie herself had a deep fondness for roses, prompting the emperor to create the order in her honour. The elegant design of the Order of the Rose also gained admiration from foreign dignitaries. During the reign of Pedro II, a Russian Grand Duke once specifically requested to exchange his Southern Cross Order for the Order of the Rose, simply because he found the latter’s design more refined.

The order remained an official imperial decoration from AD 1829 until AD 1890. Following Brazil’s transition to a republic, the Order of the Rose became a private distinction awarded by the Brazilian imperial family.

The insignia of the Order of the Rose features a six-pointed star adorned with roses. Each ray of the star is tipped with a gold bead and decorated with white enamel. At the centre, there is a deep blue enamel ring with a gold border, inscribed with the Portuguese phrase “AMOR E FIDELIDADE,” meaning “Love and Fidelity.” The central gold medallion bears the intertwined monogram “P/A,” representing the initials of Emperor Pedro I and Empress Amélie.

The reverse side of the insignia features a deep blue enamel ring inscribed with the names “PEDRO E AMELIA” (Pedro and Amélie). At the centre, the gold medallion bears the date “2-8-1829,” commemorating their union. The insignia is surmounted by an oval-shaped imperial crown adorned with a gold orb and cross, which is attached to the ribbon through a suspension ring. The ribbon itself is designed with a pink base and white stripes.

The Order of the Rose consists of six classes, with the specimen in our collection being of the lowest Knight rank:

Pedro I was a member of the Portuguese royal family. In AD 1807, at the age of nine, he accompanied the royal court in its relocation to Brazil to escape Napoleon’s invasion. After the Napoleonic Wars ended, Pedro I remained in Brazil and declared its independence from Portuguese rule, proclaiming himself Emperor of Brazil.

Pedro I’s first wife, Maria Leopoldina of Austria, a member of the Habsburg dynasty, bore him three sons and four daughters. However, in AD 1826, Maria Leopoldina died following a miscarriage. Despite the official cause of death, rumours circulated both within the court and among the public that her passing was linked to Pedro I’s mistress, the Marchioness of Santos.

Following the Empress’s death, Pedro I sought to remarry within European royalty. However, many royal families declined the proposal, wary of his reputation. Eventually, Amélie of Bavaria accepted, becoming his second Empress. Together, they had one daughter, Princess Maria Amélia.

物件編號: M413

年代: 公元 1829-1889 年

材質: 黃金, 琺瑯

尺寸: 61.2 x 22.0 x 6.6 mm

重量: 6.05 g

來源: 博桑李費佛拍賣行 2024

這是一枚公元1829年10月17日，巴西帝國的首任皇帝佩德羅一世為迎娶第二任妻子，來自巴伐利亞洛伊希滕貝格的阿美莉，特別為此設置的「玫瑰勳章」。玫瑰勳章的來源有兩種版本，一種是佩德羅一世見到阿美莉驚嘆其美貌如同玫瑰一般；另一種版本則是阿美莉本人喜愛玫瑰故皇帝特別為其設置勳章。玫瑰勳章高雅的設計也獲得外國人的喜愛，佩德羅二世統治期間，曾有一名俄國大公還特別提出將其獲頒的南十字星勳章改換為玫瑰勳章，僅因為他覺得後者的設計更為高雅。

這枚勳章自公元1829至1890年為巴西帝國的官方勳章，巴西改制為共和國之後，玫瑰勳章成為巴西皇室家族私人頒發的獎章。

勳章外觀為環繞著玫瑰的六芒星，六芒星的光芒各有一顆金珠，光芒則以白色琺瑯裝飾。中間有一個帶著金邊的深藍色圓環，圓環上打印葡萄牙文「AMOR E FIDELIDADE」意思是「愛與忠誠」。中央的金碟則是佩德羅一世和阿美莉的姓名花押「P/A」。

勳章背面的深藍色圓環打印皇帝夫婦的名字「PEDRO E AMELIA」(佩德羅和阿美莉)，中央的金碟則標示日期「2-8-1829」。勳章頂端有一個橢圓形帶有金球十字架的王冠懸掛，王冠懸掛以圓環銜接綬帶，綬帶配色為粉紅底白條。

玫瑰勳章總共有六個等級，本館收藏的勳章為等級最低的騎士級：

佩德羅一世為葡萄牙王室的一員，公元1807年，彼時年僅九歲且是王子身分的佩德羅一世隨同王室避居巴西躲避拿破崙的入侵。拿破崙戰爭結束後，留在巴西的佩德羅一世宣布脫離葡萄牙統治，宣布自己為巴西帝國的皇帝。佩德羅一世跟首任妻子，出身奧地利哈布斯堡家族的瑪利亞·利奧波丁娜擁有三子四女。然而公元1826年，瑪利亞因為流產死亡，但是宮廷和坊間卻盛傳皇后的死跟佩德羅一世的情婦桑托斯女侯爵有關。皇后過世之後，佩德羅一世希望能從歐洲王室再找到續絃，然而多數的歐洲王室聽聞佩德羅一世的風評拒絕將女兒嫁至巴西。最終是巴伐利亞王室的阿美莉願意嫁至巴西成為第二位皇后，阿美莉和佩德羅一世育有一女瑪麗亞·阿梅利亞公主。