Item number: A1902

Year: AD 1949

Material: Silver

Size: 39.2 x 39.2 x 2.2 mm

Weight: 25.9 g

Manufactured by: Xinjiang Provincial Mint

Provenance: Da Chen Stamps and Coins Collection 2015

This is a silver coin with a face value of one yuan, minted by the Xinjiang Provincial Mint in the provincial capital, Dihua (now Urumqi), under the commission of the Xinjiang Provincial Government. It was issued on May 20, AD 1949 (Republic of China Year 38) as part of an effort to reintroduce the silver standard in response to severe inflation within the province.

The obverse side of the coin features a circular beaded border, with the central area displaying the vertically inscribed Chinese characters “壹圓” (one yuan), flanked on both sides by tied stalks of grain. Surrounding the denomination, plum blossoms—the national flower of the Republic of China—serve as decorative dividers on the left and right. The upper edge bears the inscription “新疆省造幣廠鑄” (Minted by the Xinjiang Provincial Mint), while the lower edge displays the issuance year, “民國卅八年” (Republic of China Year 38).

The reverse side of the coin features two beaded borders. At the centre, an inner circular area displays the Arabic numeral “1” alongside the Uyghur script “دوللار” (Yuan). The outer ring bears an inscription in Uyghur at the top, denoting the minting authority as “شڭ جاڭ اولكە لك فل قويوش زاۋوتيدە قو يلدى” (Minted by the Xinjiang Provincial Mint). The lower edge features the Gregorian year “1949,” presented in an openwork Arabic numeral style.

In the summer of AD 1949, following the Nationalist government’s decisive defeats in the three major battles of the Chinese Civil War, its downfall became inevitable. Beyond military collapse, the economic situation deteriorated further due to the failed issuance of the Gold Yuan, exacerbating hyperinflation. Even in the remote western frontier of Xinjiang, the effects were severe, leading to the issuance of the highest-denomination banknote in Chinese history—sixty billion yuan. To combat this crisis, Xinjiang Provincial Governor Burhan announced the restoration of the silver standard and the issuance of a one-yuan silver coin on May 20. However, as Communist forces advanced toward Xinjiang, Burhan and the region’s military commander, Tao Zhiyue, declared their peaceful acceptance of Communist rule on September 25 of the same year.

After the establishment of the People’s Republic of China, this silver coin continued to be issued for a period with the Republican era inscription replaced by the Gregorian calendar year. It remained in circulation until October 1, AD 1951, when the introduction of Renminbi banknotes featuring Uyghur script led to its withdrawal and discontinuation.

物件編號: A1902

年代: 公元 1949 年

材質: 銀

尺寸: 39.2 x 39.2 x 2.2 mm

重量: 25.9 g

製造地: 新疆省銀行

來源: 大城郵幣社 2015

這是一枚民國38年 (公元1949年) 5月20日起，為了應對省內嚴重的通貨膨脹問題而重新恢復銀本位制的新疆省政府，委由省會迪化(烏魯木齊)的新疆省造幣廠鑄造之面額一圓的銀幣。

錢幣正面的周圍有一道環形珠圈，正中央是兩側以打結的嘉禾裝飾之漢字直書面額「壹圓」。面額的外圍左右兩側以梅花，即中華民國國花作為分界，上緣為鑄造單位「新疆省造幣廠鑄」，下緣則是發行年份「民國卅八年」。

錢幣背面則有兩道珠圈，最中間的圓圈標示阿拉伯數字「1」和維吾爾文「دوللار」(圓)。外圍的上緣以為維吾爾文標示鑄造單位「شڭ جاڭ اولكە لك فل قويوش زاۋوتيدە قو يلدى」(新疆省造幣廠鑄)，下緣則是以鏤空的阿拉伯數字標示之公元年份「1949」。

公元1949年夏季，國民政府在歷經國共內戰的三大會戰後氣數已盡，除了軍事上的崩潰之外，經濟上因為金圓券的發行失敗使得通貨膨脹更加劇烈，連遠在西陲的新疆都深受其害，更一度發行中國歷史上面額最高的六十億圓紙幣。時任新疆省省長的包爾漢為解決通貨膨脹困境，於5月20日宣布恢復銀本位制度並發行一圓銀幣。不過隨著共軍進一步向新疆方面推進，當年9月25日包爾漢和負責守備的陶峙岳旋即宣布和平接受中共對於新疆的統治。

中華人民共和國建立之後，該款銀幣將正面的民國改為公元紀年仍持續發行一段時間，直到公元1951年10月1日，印有維吾爾文的人民幣發行之後才遭到回收和停止流通。