Item number: A1824

Year: AD 1919 (SH 1298)

Material: Gold

Size: 22.3 x 22.3 mm

Weight: 9.2 g

Provenance: Fuchin Coin 2024

This is a 2 Tilla gold coin minted in the Emirate of Afghanistan in the year SH 1298 (AD 1919), located in the inland region of Asia.

The obverse of the coin features a toothed border, with decorative laurel wreaths influenced by European design on both sides. At the top of the coin is the honorific title “الغازی” (Al-Ghazi), which originally carried connotations of holy war or military expeditions in Arabic, but from the Ottoman period onward became a title used for Islamic rulers or commanders. The centre of the coin is inscribed in Persian with “الله” (Allah), the ruler’s name “امان” (Amanullah), the title “امير” (Emir), and the Persian calendar year of issuance “۱۲۹۸” (1219).

The reverse of the coin features the coat of arms used by the Emirate of Afghanistan between AD 1919 and AD 1926, which consists of an octagonal starburst enclosing an oval with a silhouette of a mosque symbolising Islamic faith. Inside the mosque is a mihrab, indicating prayer toward the holy city of Mecca, with a flag mounted on either side of the columns. At the bottom of the design, a pair of crossed Arabian scimitars is depicted. The mosque has been a long-standing element in the design of Afghanistan’s national emblem since the Emirate period.

The left and right sides of the coat of arms are also decorated with laurel wreaths, and the top is marked with the number “۲,” indicating a denomination of 2 Tilla. “Tila” is the term used in Central Asia for gold coins, and from AD 1891 to AD 1926, it was one of the official denominations for Afghan gold coins.

In AD 1823, Dost Mohammad Khan, a member of the Barakzai tribe, successfully captured the capital of the Durrani Empire, Kabul, laying the foundation for the Emirate of Afghanistan. After its establishment, the Emirate of Afghanistan fought two wars with the British Empire, which was based in India to the south. As a result, while Afghanistan retained its independence, its foreign affairs were controlled by Britain.

In AD 1919, Amanullah Khan ascended to the throne as the new Emir and, in his first year of reign, took advantage of the weakened British Empire after World War I and the Russian Empire’s internal conflict by launching the Third Anglo-Afghan War. He successfully regained Afghanistan’s diplomatic sovereignty, establishing the country as fully independent.

In AD 1923, Amanullah Khan enacted Afghanistan’s first constitution and pushed for the secularisation and modernisation of the country. However, this led to dissatisfaction among conservative religious figures and tribal chiefs. In AD 1928, a civil war broke out in Afghanistan, and the following year, Amanullah Khan was forced to abdicate and went into exile in Switzerland. Subsequently, his distant relative, Muhammad Nadir, took over the political leadership and declared the establishment of the Kingdom of Afghanistan.

物件編號: A1824

年代: 公元 1919 年 (波斯曆 1298 年)

材質: 黃金

尺寸: 22.3 x 22.3 mm

重量: 9.2 g

來源: 福君錢幣 2024

這是一枚波斯曆1298年 (公元1919年)，位於亞洲內陸的阿富汗酋長國鑄造之面額「2提拉」金幣。

錢幣正面有一道齒邊，左右兩側以受到歐洲影響的打結月桂花環作為裝飾。錢幣頂端是對於統治者的尊稱「الغازی」(加齊)，加齊原先在阿拉伯文具有聖戰或遠征的意涵，自從鄂圖曼土耳其以降，成為伊斯蘭君主或將領的頭銜。錢幣正中間以波斯文打印「الله」(真主)、統治者名諱「امان」(阿曼諾拉)、頭銜「امير」(埃米爾) 和發行之波斯曆紀年「۱۲۹۸」(1219)。

錢幣背面是酋長國在公元1919至1926年間使用的國徽，即八角形星芒裡面的橢圓形有象徵伊斯蘭信仰的清真寺剪影，清真寺裡面有面朝聖地麥加祝禱的壁龕，左右兩側的柱子各插著一面旗幟，底部則有一對阿拉伯彎刀。自阿富汗酋長國以降，清真寺長期存在於阿富汗的國徽設計之中。國徽的左右兩側也以月桂花環作為裝飾，頂端以一個數字「۲」標示面額為2提拉。「提拉」是中亞地區對於金幣的稱呼，公元1891至1926年間，為阿富汗金幣的官方面額稱呼之一。

公元1823年，巴拉克宰部落出身的多斯特·穆罕默德汗成功攻佔杜蘭尼王朝的首都喀布爾，奠定了阿富汗酋長國的基礎。阿富汗酋長國創立之後，先後和南方以印度為基地的大英帝國有過兩場戰爭，自此阿富汗雖然保有獨立但是外交卻受到英國控制。公元1919年，阿曼諾拉汗登基為新任埃米爾，在位第一年就利用第一次世界大戰後，大英帝國元氣大傷和北方的俄國深陷內戰的局面發動第三次英阿戰爭，成功收回外交權力成為完全獨立的國家。

公元1923年，阿曼諾拉汗制定阿富汗第一部憲法並且推動國家的世俗和現代化，然而引發國內保守的宗教人士和部落酋長不滿。公元1928年起，阿富汗國內爆發內戰，隔年阿曼諾拉汗被迫退位且流亡瑞士，後續阿富汗的政局由遠親穆罕默德·納第爾取代，並且宣布成立阿富汗王國。