Item number: A1863

Year: AD 1903

Material: Silver

Manufactured by: Kiang-nan Mint Bureau Silver Dollar Bureau, Nanjing

Provenance: Da Chen Stamps and Coins Collection 2015

This is a Guangxu Yuanbao coin minted in the 29th year of the Guangxu Emperor’s reign (AD 1903) by the “Kiang-nan Mint Bureau” in Nanjing. Its denomination is stated as Kuping 7 Mace 2 Candareens.

The obverse of the coin features a five-clawed dragon exhaling a fireball, depicted in a version with more prominent spiky protrusions. The left and right sides of the coin are separated by six-petalled floral ornaments. The upper edge is inscribed in English with “KIANG NAN PROVINCE,” while the lower edge bears the denomination “7 MACE AND 2 CANDAREENS.”

Although the Qing government abolished Kiangnan Province as early as the 29th year of the Qianlong Emperor’s reign (AD 1764), dividing it into Anhui and Jiangsu provinces, the name persisted and continued to be used to refer to Nanjing until the end of the Qing Dynasty.

On the reverse side, there is a beaded border, within which the characters “Guangxu Yuanbao” are engraved in both Chinese and Manchu scripts. On the outer periphery, the left and right sides are divided by the production year in the sexagenary cycle, “Gui Mao.” Along the upper edge is the abbreviated name “HAH” of the foreign inspector “H. A. Holmes,” flanked by a five-petaled floral ornamentalong with the inscription “Made in Jiangnan Province.” The denomination “Kuping 7 Mace 2 Candareens” is depicted along the lower edge.

The milling method in Nanjing began in the 22nd year of the Guangxu Emperor’s reign (AD 1896) under the approval of Liu Kunyi, the Governor-General of Liangjiang, who petitioned the court for permission. The following year, the mint was successfully established and put into operation, with machinery and dies imported from the renowned Birmingham Mint in the United Kingdom. Despite hiring foreign experts to supervise the manufacturing process, the silver coins produced in Nanjing were still of inconsistent quality and had lower silver content, making it difficult to compete with copper coins and Mexican silver dollars in the market.

In the 26th year of the Guangxu Emperor’s reign (AD 1900), despite the mint benefiting from the capture of Tianjin by the Eight-Nation Alliance, which led to a demand for silver coins in Nanjing untouched by the war, the departure of the British inspector Wharton forced the mint to close. It wasn’t until the following year, in AD 1901, during the Xin Chou year, that the factory resumed operations with the arrival of the newly appointed inspector H. A. Holmes, whose initials “HAH” were stamped on the coins as a mark of quality assurance.

According to records, a total of 2,377,710 Guangxu Yuanbao coins with a denomination of 7 Mace 2 Candareens were minted during the Xin Chou year. The unique “HAH” mark continued to be used in Nanjing until the 30th year of the Guangxu Emperor’s reign (AD 1904), after which other English letters were adopted as the mark.

物件編號: A1863

年代: 公元 1903 年

材質: 銀

製造地: 江南鑄造銀元制錢總局，南京

來源: 大城郵幣社 2015

這是一枚光緒29年(公元1903年)，由南京「江南鑄造銀元制錢總局」鑄造的光緒元寶，其面額為庫平七錢二分。

錢幣正面是一隻吐息火球的五爪蟠龍，這條龍為突刺較多的版本。錢幣左右兩側以六瓣花為分界，上緣以英文鐫刻「江南省」(KIANG NAN PROVINCE)，下緣則是幣值「七錢二分」(7 MACE AND 2 CANDAREENS)。

清廷早在乾隆29年(公元1764年)便已裁撤江南省，將其拆分為安徽和江蘇兩省，但該地名仍為沿襲指稱南京直至清末為止。

錢幣背面有一道珠圈，內部為漢滿兩文鐫刻的「光緒元寶」四字。外圍的左右兩側以出廠的干支年份「癸卯」為分界，上緣是工廠外籍化驗員「霍教習」(H. A. Holmes)姓名縮寫「HAH」、五瓣花飾和鑄造地點「江南省造」字樣，下緣則是幣值「庫平七錢二分」。

南京的機械鑄幣始於光緒22年(公元1896年)，時任兩江總督劉坤一上奏朝廷批准後，隔年順利搭建廠房投入運轉，機台和模具皆進口自英國知名的喜敦公司。即便有聘請外國專家監督製造，南京出廠的銀元仍因良莠不齊和含銀量較低，難以在市面上跟銅元和墨西哥鷹洋競爭。

光緒26年(公元1900年)，即便工廠受益於八國聯軍攻克天津，促成未遭戰火波及的南京出現兌換銀元的需求。英籍化驗員Wharton的離職歸國，讓造幣廠只能選擇關閉。直到次年公元1901年的辛丑之際，工廠隨著新聘化驗員「霍教習」到來才再度開工，並且打印他的名字「HAH」作為品質保證。根據紀錄，辛丑年度鑄造之面額七錢二分的光緒元寶數量為2,377,710枚。而南京獨特的「HAH」印記則持續沿用至光緒30年(公元1904年)為止，方才改以其他英文字母作為印記。