Item number: A1828

Year: AD 1926

Material: Gold (.900)

Size: 18.7 x 18.7 mm

Weight: 5.88 g

Manufactured by: Austrian Mint, Vienna

Provenance: Fuchin Coin 2024

This is a gold coin issued in AD 1926 by the central bank of the Republic of Austria, the Oesterreichische Nationalbank, with a denomination of 25 Schillings.

The obverse features the coat of arms of the First Austrian Republic. The central shield displays a design of fine vertical stripes divided by a horizontal band, representing the red-white-red tricolour. Originally the heraldic emblem of the House of Babenberg and later adopted by the House of Habsburg, this symbol eventually became associated with the core regions of Cisleithania. The shield is supported by a left-facing, outspread, and tongue-protruding single-headed eagle, which wears a mural crown (Mauerkrone) on its head. In its talons, the eagle grasps a sickle, with its blade pointing inward, and a hammer, symbolising the peasantry (sickle), the working class (hammer), and the bourgeoisie (mural crown). Surrounding the design is the German inscription “REPUBLIK ÖSTERREICH”, meaning “Republic of Austria”. The disappearance of the right-facing head from the former double-headed eagle is commonly interpreted as a symbolic recognition of the independence of its former eastern territories, notably the Kingdom of Hungary.

The reverse prominently displays the denomination “25 SCHILLING”, with two laurel branches extending inward on either side above it. Bearing fruit, these branches symbolise victory and honour. Below the denomination, a wheat motif represents prosperity and abundance, with the year of issue “1926” inscribed at the centre. Beneath the wheat, the inscription “HARTIG” refers to the sculptor Arnold Hartig, who designed both the obverse and reverse. Hartig, a Bohemian sculptor, studied and worked in Vienna, producing a vast body of work including large-scale reliefs, medals, coins, and portraits. During the First World War, he was responsible for designing military decorations for the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Following the dissolution of the empire, he continued to contribute to the newly established Republic of Austria by designing Schilling coins. The coin’s edge features a wavy serrated pattern, with the pointed tips facing inward.

The Austrian Schilling (ATS) was introduced in AD 1925, replacing the Austro-Hungarian Krone as the official currency of the First Austrian Republic. This reform was implemented to stabilise Austria’s economy and counteract the hyperinflation that had devastated the country following the First World War. At the time of its introduction, the exchange rate was set at 1 Schilling = 10,000 Kronen. The 25 Schilling gold coin was one of several measures employing precious metals in an attempt to stabilise the currency’s value. Following the Anschluss (German annexation of Austria) in AD 1938, the Reichsmark replaced the Schilling as the official currency. The Schilling was reinstated in AD 1945 when Austria regained independence and established the Second Republic. During the 1950s, Austria successfully maintained monetary stability, making the Schilling one of Europe’s stronger currencies. With the introduction of the Euro in AD 1999, the Schilling continued to circulate alongside the new currency until its complete replacement on 1 January AD 2002, at a fixed exchange rate of 1 Euro = 13.7603 Schillings.

The First Austrian Republic (AD 1919–1938) emerged from the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire following its defeat in the First World War and was officially named the Republic of Austria. Under the Treaty of Saint-Germain (AD 1919), Austria lost vast territories, including Bohemia, Moravia, Galicia, and South Tyrol, becoming a relatively small landlocked state. Initially, the country adopted the name “Deutschösterreich” (German-Austria) and sought unification with Germany, but this plan was abandoned due to international pressure, leading to the adoption of the official name “Republic of Austria”. Due to post-war economic collapse and severe inflation, the Austrian government implemented currency reform in AD 1925, replacing the Krone with the Schilling and gradually restoring economic stability through international loans. However, domestic politics became increasingly unstable, with violent clashes between far-left and far-right factions. In AD 1933, Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuß established authoritarian rule, dissolved parliament, and in AD 1934, proclaimed the so-called “Austrofascist Ständestaat” (Federal State of Austria), which promoted Catholic conservatism and anti-communism, aiming to preserve Austrian independence. However, with the rise of Nazi Germany, Austria came under growing pressure and was ultimately annexed by Germany on 12 March AD 1938, becoming part of the Greater German Reich, marking the end of the First Austrian Republic.

物件編號: A1828

年代: 公元 1926 年

材質: 黃金 (900‰)

尺寸: 18.7 x 18.7 mm

重量: 5.88 g

製造地: 奧地利鑄幣廠，維也納

來源: 福君錢幣 2024

這是一枚公元1926年，由奧地利共和國的央行，奧地利國家銀行(Oesterreichische Nationalbank)所發行，幣值為25先令的金幣。

金幣的正面為奧地利第一共和國的國徽，中央的盾徽中以細直紋盾，中間以橫槓隔開，代表紅–白–紅三色。原為統治奧地利公國的巴本堡王朝以及哈布斯堡王朝的王室紋章，後成為內萊塔尼亞核心區域的象徵。盾徽由左視、展翼且吐舌的單頭鷹承托於胸前，頭戴「城牆王冠」(mauerkrone)，雙爪一執鐮刀，尖刃朝內，一執鐵鎚。分別代表了市民/資產階級(城牆王冠)；農民階級(鐮刀)；工人階級(鐵鎚)。周圍環繞德文「REPUBLIK ÖSERREICH」，即「奧地利共和國」。舊雙頭鷹中，右視鷹首的消失，通常被詮釋為其東部領地，即匈牙利王國的獨立。

金幣的背面中央為面額「25 SCHILLING」即「25先令」。上方兩側為兩枝向內翼護的月桂樹枝，帶著果實，為勝利與榮譽的象徵。下方為麥穗，為財富與豐饒的象徵。以麥穗從中隔開的是發行年「1926」。麥穗下方「HARTIG」為雕塑家阿諾德·哈提格(Arnold Hartig)之署名，正反面皆由其創作。哈提格為波希米亞雕塑家，長年於維也納求學及工作，作品涵括大型浮雕、獎章、硬幣、和肖像畫，藝業等身。一戰期間曾為奧匈帝國設計戰爭勳章，帝國瓦解後，為新生的奧地利共和國設計先令硬幣。硬幣的邊緣為波狀鋸齒，尖端朝內。

奧地利先令(Austrian Schilling, ATS)於公元1925年取代奧匈帝國克朗(Austro-Hungarian Krone)，成為奧地利第一共和國的官方貨幣，以穩定奧地利經濟並應對第一次世界大戰後的劇烈通貨膨脹，設立時的匯兌率達到1先令：10000克朗。此25先令金幣，便是以貴金屬嘗試穩定幣值的措施之一​。先令在公元1938年德奧合併後被納粹德國的帝國馬克(Reichsmark)取代，直至公元1945年，奧地利重獲獨立後，建立第二共和，才再度恢復使用。公元1950年代，奧地利成功維持貨幣穩定，使先令成為歐洲較強勢的貨幣之一。公元1999年歐元導入後，先令與歐元並行使用，最終於公元2002年1月1日完全被歐元取代，正式退出流通，匯率固定為1歐元兌13.7603奧地利先令。

奧地利第一共和國(First Austrian Republic，公元1919–1938年)是奧匈帝國在第一次世界大戰戰敗後解體而成立的國家，正式名稱為奧地利共和國。根據1919年的《聖日耳曼條約》，奧地利失去了波希米亞、摩拉維亞、加利西亞、南蒂羅爾等大量領土，成為一個相對狹小的內陸國，並正式定名為「德意志-奧地利」(Deutschösterreich)。但受到國際壓力影響，不得不放棄與德國合併的計劃，最終名稱改為「奧地利共和國」。由於戰後經濟崩潰和通貨膨脹嚴重，奧地利政府在公元1925年實行貨幣改革，以先令取代奧匈帝國克朗，並透過國際貸款逐步恢復經濟，但國內政治動盪加劇，極端左翼與右翼勢力衝突頻繁。公元1933年，總理恩格爾伯特·陶爾斐斯(Engelbert Dollfuß)實行威權統治，解散議會，並在公元1934年建立所謂的「奧地利聯邦國」(Ständestaat)，強調天主教保守主義和反共產主義，試圖維持奧地利的獨立。然而，隨著德國納粹勢力崛起，奧地利面臨越來越大的壓力，最終於公元1938年3月12日遭德國吞併，成為「大德意志帝國」的一部分，奧地利第一共和國至此結束。