Item number: A1836

Year: AD 1551

Material: Silver

Size: 14.4 x 14.5 x 0.5 mm

Weight: 0.5 g

Manufactured by: Kremnica Mint

Provenance: Fuchin Coin 2024

This is a denar (denár) silver coin issued in AD 1551 in the name of Ferdinand I, King of Hungary.

The obverse features the coat of arms of Ferdinand I. At its centre is a small shield bearing a horizontal band, representing the Archduchy of Austria. Surrounding this, the larger shield is divided into four quadrants: the upper left, with multiple horizontal stripes, represents the Árpád dynasty, the founders of the Kingdom of Hungary; the upper right features the double cross of Hungary, a symbol of Hungarian rulers; the lower left displays a crowned leopard’s head, facing forward, symbolising Dalmatia, now part of modern Croatia and Bosnia; the lower right depicts a crowned rampant lion, representing the Kingdom of Bohemia. The shield is encircled by a ring, with an outer inscription in Latin: “FERDINAND · D · G · R · VNG”, an abbreviation of “Ferdinandus Dei Gratia Rex Ungariae,” meaning “Ferdinand, by the grace of God, King of Hungary.” Above the design, the inscription “1551” marks the year of issuance.

The reverse of the coin features a seated full-length image of the Virgin Mary, wearing a crown and holding the Christ Child in her right arm. On either side of the image, the letters “KB” denote the Kremnica Mint, where the coin was struck. Surrounding this central motif is the Latin inscription “PATRONA VNGARIE,” meaning “Patron Saint of Hungary.”

The Kremnica Mint, founded in AD 1328, is located in present-day Slovakia and is one of the oldest continuously operating mints in Europe. Due to the region’s rich gold deposits, it became a major coin production centre of the medieval Kingdom of Hungary, issuing florins/forints (Florins/Forint) and ducats (Ducat) in the 14th to 16th centuries, renowned across Europe for their high purity and consistent quality. Under Habsburg rule (AD 16th–19th centuries), the mint continued producing coins for the empire, adopting mechanised minting techniques in the 19th century to become a key minting facility for the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Following the establishment of Czechoslovakia in AD 1918, the mint became the nation’s official minting institution. After Slovakia’s independence in AD 1993, it continued producing national currency, and since AD 2009, it has been responsible for minting euro coins. Today, the Kremnica Mint remains operational, producing official Slovak currency, commemorative coins, medals, and other metal artifacts for multiple countries.

The denár silver coin originated in AD 11th century, first issued under Saint Stephen I (AD 1000–1038). During the reign of Matthias Corvinus (AD 14th–15th centuries), the coin’s silver content remained stable and was widely adopted by neighbouring states. However, following the Ottoman conquest of much of Hungary in AD 16th century, the currency system gradually shifted towards Austrian monetary standards, leading to the decline of the denár, which was eventually replaced by the forint (Forint) and korona (Korona) introduced by Austria.

Ferdinand I (AD 1503–1564) was a key ruler of the Habsburg dynasty, serving as Archduke of Austria, King of Hungary and Bohemia, and later Holy Roman Emperor from AD 1558. He was the son of Philip I of Castile and Joanna of Castile, born in Alcalá de Henares, Spain, and became ruler of Austria in AD 1521. In AD 1526, after King Louis II of Hungary and Bohemia died in battle against the Ottomans at Mohács, Ferdinand claimed the thrones through his marriage to Anne of Hungary, Louis II’s sister. However, his rule in Hungary was contested by John Zápolya, the leader of Transylvania, leading to a prolonged conflict over the Hungarian throne. During his wars against the Ottoman Empire, Vienna was besieged in AD 1529 and AD 1532, and Ferdinand ultimately managed to secure control over only Western Hungary. In AD 1556, following Charles V’s abdication, Ferdinand became Holy Roman Emperor and was crowned in AD 1558. During his reign, he worked to stabilise the empire and mediate religious conflicts, culminating in the Peace of Augsburg (AD 1555), which established the “Cuius regio, eius religio” principle. He died in Vienna in AD 1564.

物件編號: A1836

年代: 公元 1551 年

材質: 銀

尺寸: 14.4 x 14.5 x 0.5 mm

重量: 0.5 g

製造地: 克雷姆尼察鑄幣廠

來源: 福君錢幣 2024

這是一枚公元1551年，以匈牙利國王斐迪南一世之名發行的代納爾銀幣。

銀幣的正面中央為斐迪南一世之紋章，中央小盾徽為一橫帶槓於盾中，代表奧地利大公國。承托小盾徽的較大盾徽分為四個象限，左上部分的多條橫帶，代表創立匈牙利王國的阿爾帕德王朝；右上部分為代表匈牙利統治者的匈牙利雙十字；左下部分為戴冠的豹首，正視前方，代表達爾馬提亞地區，其位於今克羅埃西亞與波士尼亞境內；右下部分為戴冠人立的雄獅，代表波希米亞王國。盾徽以圓圈環繞，外圈為拉丁簡寫「FERDINAND · D · G · R · VNG」，即「Ferdinandus Dei Gratia Rex Ungariae」，意為「斐迪南，蒙上帝恩典，匈牙利國王」。上方之「1551」，標示了發行年。

銀幣的背面中央則是聖母瑪利亞全身坐像，頭戴冠冕，右手環抱聖子。人像兩側「KB」，為克雷姆尼察鑄幣廠的鑄幣標記。以圓圈環繞，外圈為拉丁文「PATRONA VNGARIE」，意為「匈牙利的主保聖人」。

克雷姆尼察鑄幣廠(Kremnica Mint)成立於公元1328年，位於今斯洛伐克，是歐洲歷史最悠久且持續運營至今的鑄幣廠之一。該廠因當地豐富的金礦資源而成為中世紀匈牙利王國的貨幣生產中心，公元14至16世紀大量鑄造弗羅林/福林金幣(Florins/Forint)與達克特金幣(Ducat)，以高純度與穩定品質於歐洲聞名。哈布斯堡王朝時期(公元16至19世紀)，該廠持續為帝國生產貨幣，並於公元19世紀工業化後引進機械化技術，成為奧匈帝國的重要鑄幣基地。捷克斯洛伐克於公元1918年成立後，該廠成為官方鑄幣機構，公元1993年斯洛伐克獨立後繼續生產該國貨幣，自公元2009年起負責歐元硬幣的鑄造。目前仍在運營，除生產斯洛伐克貨幣，亦為多國提供貨幣與紀念幣，並製造紀念章與獎牌等金屬工藝品。

匈牙利的第納爾銀幣(Denár)起源於公元11世紀，由伊什特萬一世(Saint Stephen I，公元1000-1038年)首次發行。​在公元14至15世紀匈雅提·馬加什一世(Matthias Corvinus)統治時期，第納爾銀幣的成色穩定，受到鄰國采用。​然而，公元16世紀奧斯曼帝國占領匈牙利大部後，貨幣體系逐漸隨奧地利轉變，第納爾銀幣的使用減少，最終被奧地利引入的福林(Forint)與克朗(Korona)取代。​

斐迪南一世(生卒公元1503-1564年)為哈布斯堡王朝的重要統治者，曾任奧地利大公、匈牙利與波希米亞國王，並於公元1558年加冕為神聖羅馬帝國皇帝。他是卡斯提亞國王腓力一世與胡安娜女王的次子，出生於西班牙阿爾卡拉-埃納雷斯，公元1521年起統治奧地利領地。公元1526年，匈牙利與波希米亞國王拉約什二世在抵抗土耳其人的摩哈赤戰役中戰死，斐迪南透過與拉約什二世之妹安娜的婚姻關係，繼承這兩個王國的王位。然而，他在匈牙利的統治受到外西凡尼亞領袖約翰·扎波利亞的挑戰，雙方爭奪匈牙利王位，導致長期衝突。在與鄂圖曼帝國的戰爭中，維也納曾於公元1529年和公元1532年遭到圍攻，斐迪南最終僅能控制匈牙利西部。公元1556年，查理五世退位，斐迪南繼任神聖羅馬帝國皇帝，在位期間致力於維護帝國穩定，並調解天主教與新教之間的矛盾，最終促成公元1555年的《奧格斯堡和約》，確立「教隨君定」原則。公元1564年其於維也納逝世。