Item number: A1894

Year: AD 1211-1236

Material: Billon

Size: 14.3 x 13.7 x 2.4 mm

Weight: 3.45 g

Provenance: Da Chen Stamps and Coins Collection 2015

This is a jital coin issued between AD 1211 and AD 1236 during the reign of Shams ud-Din Iltutmish, the third ruler of the Mamluk dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate. The jital was a type of currency introduced to the Indian subcontinent by Afghan conquerors during the medieval period. Typically made of silver or billon, jitals were commonly used for low-denomination transactions.

The obverse of this coin features a humped bull motif, a design characteristic of Indian iconography. Surrounding the bull, inscriptions in Devanagari script bear the ruler’s title and name: “Sultan Sri Samas Din” (Great Sultan Shams ud-Din).

The reverse depicts a right-facing horse, with the left side featuring a warrior holding a weapon. The surrounding Devanagari inscriptions include the title “Sri Hamira” (Great King and Warrior), reflecting the fusion of Islamic and indigenous Indian numismatic traditions.

The Delhi Sultanate refers to the Islamic polity established in the early 13th century by Turkic Muslim warlords from Afghanistan after their conquest of the Indian subcontinent, with Delhi as their capital. From its founding in AD 1206 to its fall in AD 1526 at the hands of Babur, the Turkicised Mongol ruler and founder of the Mughal Empire, the Delhi Sultanate was ruled by a succession of five dynasties. The Mamluk (Ghulam) dynasty, also known as the Qutb Shahi dynasty, was the first of these ruling houses.

The Qutb Shahi dynasty, also known as the Mamluk (Slave) dynasty, was founded by Qutb al-Din Aibak, a Turkic slave of Kipchak origin.

Iltutmish, the third ruler of the dynasty, expanded the territorial extent of the sultanate to its greatest peak and secured formal recognition of his sovereignty from the Abbasid Caliphate. Aware that his son lacked the necessary qualities to govern effectively, Iltutmish made the unprecedented decision to designate his daughter, Razia, as his successor, making her the only female ruler in the history of the Delhi Sultanate.

物件編號: A1894

年代: 公元 1211-1236 年

材質: 賤金屬

尺寸: 14.3 x 13.7 x 2.4 mm

重量: 3.45 g

來源: 大城郵幣社 2015

這是一枚公元1211至1236年間，德里蘇丹國的庫特布沙希王朝第三任統治者沙姆斯·烏德·丁·伊勒杜迷失發行的吉塔爾錢幣。吉塔爾是來自阿富汗的征服者在中世紀帶入南亞次大陸的一種錢幣，其材質多為銀或其他賤金屬，通常作為小面額交易的貨幣。

這枚錢幣的正面有一隻具有印度特色的瘤牛圖騰，牛的周圍以天城文打印統治者頭銜和名諱「蘇丹大王 沙姆斯·丁」。錢幣背面是一匹面朝右側的駿馬半身像，左半邊則是一名手持武器的勇士，周圍以天城文打印頭銜「大王勇士」，反映出伊斯蘭和本土印度文化的結合。

德里蘇丹國是泛指公元13世紀初，來自阿富汗的突厥穆斯林軍閥進入印度次大陸後，以德里作為首都建立的伊斯蘭政權。自公元1206年創建至公元1526年遭到突厥化的蒙古人統治者巴布爾消滅為止，前後總計有五個王朝，庫特布沙希王朝為其中的第一個王朝。

庫特布沙希王朝又稱作奴隸王朝，創建者庫特布丁·艾伊拜克是出身自欽察部落的突厥奴隸。伊勒杜迷失為王朝的第三任統治者，其統治下的疆域面積達到顛峰，其地位還獲得阿拔斯帝國哈里發的承認。伊勒杜迷失在駕崩之前，深知自己的兒子不是合格的統治者，因此將其蘇丹王位傳承給女兒拉齊亞，使她成為德里蘇丹國歷史上唯一一位女性統治者。