Item number: A1855

Year: AD 1920 (SH 1299)

Material: Gold

Size: 32.2 x 32.2 mm

Provenance: Fuchin Coin 2024

This is a “5 Amani” gold coin minted in the year 1299 of the Persian calendar (AD 1920) in the Emirate of Afghanistan, located in inland Asia.

The coin features a reeded edge on both its obverse and reverse sides. The centre of the obverse side features a tughra-style personal monogram, influenced by the Ottoman Empire and incorporating elements of Islamic art and calligraphy. A five-pointed star adorns the upper edge of the monogram, while the lower edge bears the coin’s minting year “١٢٩٩” (1299 in the Persian calendar). The design is encircled by a knotted laurel wreath as ornamentation.

The reverse displays the national emblem used by the Emirate of Afghanistan from AD 1919 to AD 1926. This emblem consists of an eight-pointed star enclosing an oval-shaped depiction of a mosque, symbolising the Islamic faith. Inside the mosque, there is a mihrab indicating the direction of prayer towards Mecca. On either side of the mosque, two columns each bear a flag, while a pair of crossed Arabian sabres is positioned at the bottom. Since the era of the Emirate of Afghanistan, the mosque has remained a central element in the country’s national emblems. The national emblem is adorned with a laurel wreath on both sides, and at the top, the denomination “۵” (5) is inscribed in Persian numerals.

In AD 1823, Dost Mohammad Khan, a member of the Barakzai tribe, successfully captured the capital of the Durrani Empire, Kabul, laying the foundation for the Emirate of Afghanistan. After its establishment, the Emirate of Afghanistan fought two wars with the British Empire, which was based in India to the south. As a result, while Afghanistan retained its independence, its foreign affairs were controlled by Britain.

In AD 1919, Amanullah Khan ascended to the throne as the new Emir and, in his first year of reign, took advantage of the weakened British Empire after World War I and the Russian Empire’s internal conflict by launching the Third Anglo-Afghan War. He successfully regained Afghanistan’s diplomatic sovereignty, establishing the country as fully independent.

In AD 1923, Amanullah Khan enacted Afghanistan’s first constitution and pushed for the secularisation and modernisation of the country. However, this led to dissatisfaction among conservative religious figures and tribal chiefs. In AD 1928, a civil war broke out in Afghanistan, and the following year, Amanullah Khan was forced to abdicate and went into exile in Switzerland. Subsequently, his distant relative, Muhammad Nadir, took over the political leadership and declared the establishment of the Kingdom of Afghanistan.

物件編號: A1855

年代: 公元 1920 年 (波斯曆 1299 年)

材質: 黃金

尺寸: 32.2 x 32.2 mm

來源: 福君錢幣 2024

這是一枚波斯曆1299年 (公元1920年)，位於亞洲內陸的阿富汗酋長國鑄造之面額「5阿曼尼」金幣。

錢幣正反兩面的周圍皆有一道齒邊。錢幣正面的中央是受到鄂圖曼土耳其帝國影響，結合伊斯蘭藝術和書法的個人花押簽名。花押的上緣以五角星作為裝飾，下緣則是錢幣發行的波斯曆年份「١٢٩٩」(1299)，周圍則以打結的月桂花環作為裝飾。

錢幣背面是酋長國在公元1919至1926年間使用的國徽，即八角形星芒裡面的橢圓形有象徵伊斯蘭信仰的清真寺剪影，清真寺裡面有面朝聖地麥加祝禱的壁龕，左右兩側的柱子各插著一面旗幟，底部則有一對阿拉伯彎刀。自阿富汗酋長國以降，清真寺長期存在於阿富汗的國徽設計之中。國徽的左右兩側以月桂花環作為裝飾，頂端則以波斯文標示面額「۵」(5)。

公元1823年，巴拉克宰部落出身的多斯特·穆罕默德汗成功攻佔杜蘭尼王朝的首都喀布爾，奠定了阿富汗酋長國的基礎。阿富汗酋長國創立之後，先後和南方以印度為基地的大英帝國有過兩場戰爭，自此阿富汗雖然保有獨立但是外交卻受到英國控制。公元1919年，阿曼諾拉汗登基為新任埃米爾，在位第一年就利用第一次世界大戰後，大英帝國元氣大傷和北方的俄國深陷內戰的局面發動第三次英阿戰爭，成功收回外交權力成為完全獨立的國家。

公元1923年，阿曼諾拉汗制定阿富汗第一部憲法並且推動國家的世俗和現代化，然而引發國內保守的宗教人士和部落酋長不滿。公元1928年起，阿富汗國內爆發內戰，隔年阿曼諾拉汗被迫退位且流亡瑞士，後續阿富汗的政局由遠親穆罕默德·納第爾取代，並且宣布成立阿富汗王國。