Item number: A2027

Year: AD 999-1030

Material: Silver

Size: 19.2 x 18.8 x 1.1 mm

Weight: 3.1 g

Provenance: Da Chen Stamps and Coins Collection 2015

This is a dirham silver coin issued by Mahmud, the founder of the Ghaznavid dynasty, after the year AD 999, by which time he had already defeated and supplanted his former suzerain, the Samanid dynasty.

The obverse side of the coin features two solid circles enclosing a beaded ring along the perimeter. At the centre, there are five lines of Arabic inscriptions arranged from top to bottom, which read: “عدل” (Justice), “لا اله الا” and “الله وحده” (There is no deity but Allah, the One), “لا شريك له” (None can be associated with Him), and “یمینے” (Yamini, one of Mahmud’s honorific titles, meaning “the Right-Handed”).

The reverse side of the coin features two solid circles along the perimeter. At the centre, there are five lines of Arabic inscriptions arranged from top to bottom, which read: “أبو القسم” (Abu al-Qasim, part of Mahmud’s name, typically signifying the eldest son), “محمد رسول الله” (Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah), “القادر بالله” (Al-Qadir, the 25th Abbasid Caliph), “يمين الدولة” (Right Hand of the State), and “محمود” (Mahmud).

Mahmud was the son of Sabuktigin, the founder of the dynasty. During the late Samanid period, Sabuktigin established himself as a semi-independent power based in the Ghazni region. After Sabuktigin’s death, Mahmud engaged in a brief internal conflict with his siblings before emerging as his father’s successor. He subsequently declared full independence from the Samanid suzerainty. Beyond consolidating his rule, Mahmud later played a key role in the downfall of the Samanid dynasty and launched multiple jihad campaigns into northern India, plundering the Hindu kingdoms of the region.

物件編號: A2027

年代: 公元 999-1030 年

材質: 銀

尺寸: 19.2 x 18.8 x 1.1 mm

重量: 3.1 g

來源: 大城郵幣社 2015

這是一枚公元999年之後，彼時已經消滅前宗主國薩曼王朝的加茲尼王朝開創者馬哈茂德所發行的迪拉姆銀幣。

錢幣正面的周圍有夾著珠圈的兩道實心圓，正中央有五道阿拉伯銘文，從上而下依序是「عدل」(正義)、「لا اله الا」和「الله وحده」(萬物非主，唯有真主)、「لا شريك له」(無人能與之比擬) 和「یمینے」(右手，馬哈茂德的尊稱之一)。

錢幣背面的周圍有兩道實心圓，正中央也有五道阿拉伯銘文，從上而下依序是「أبو القسم」(阿布·卡西姆，馬哈茂德名字的一部分，通常是代表長子)、「محمد رسول الله」(穆罕默德是真主的使者)、「القادر بالله 」(卡迪爾，阿拔斯帝國第二十五代哈里發)、「يمين الدولة」(國家的右手) 和「محمود」(馬哈茂德)。

馬哈茂德為王朝奠基者蘇布克特勤的兒子，蘇布克特勤在薩曼王朝末年以加茲尼地區為據點成為半獨立勢力。蘇布克特勤過世後，馬哈茂德和手足經過短暫的內戰成為父親的接班人，並且正式宣布獨立脫離宗主國薩曼王朝。馬哈茂德後續消滅薩曼王朝外，也多次向北印度發起聖戰掠奪當地的印度教王國。