Item number: A2656

Year: AD 1841

Material: Silver (.900)

Size: 37.5 x 37.5 x 2.3 mm

Weight: 24.75 g

Manufactured by: Lille Mint (Monnaie de Lille)

Provenance: Da Chen Stamps& Coins Collection 2014

This is a five-franc silver coin minted at the Lille Mint, issued in the name of King Louis-Philippe of France.

The obverse features a right-facing portrait of Louis-Philippe, crowned with a laurel wreath. Encircling the portrait is the inscription in French “LOUIS PHILIPPE I ROI DES FRANÇAIS”, meaning “Louis-Philippe I, King of the French.” The title “King of the French” was borne only by Louis XVI and Louis-Philippe I, replacing the earlier “King of France” (rex Franciae). The change in titulature symbolised a shift in the concept of royal legitimacy, from hereditary divine right to sovereignty derived from the will of the people. Beneath the bust, the inscription “DOMARD.F.” represents the abbreviation of the engraver Joseph-François Domard, who was awarded second prise in sculpture at the Prix de Rome in AD 1810. The second series of laureate portrait silver coins issued under Louis-Philippe I between AD 1831 and AD 1848 was designed by Domard.

The reverse displays the denomination “5 Francs”, indicating a value of five francs. Below appears the year of issue, “1841”, surrounded by a laurel wreath tied with a ribbon. At the lower right is the mint mark “W” for the Lille Mint; at the lower left, a flaming torch symbol representing Charles-Louis Dierickx, then Director of Manufacturing (or Mint Master) at the Lille Mint (Directeur de fabrication de la Monnaie). Upon his transfer to Paris, his mint mark was changed to a pointing right hand. Directly below, the five-pointed star symbolises Nicolas-Pierre Tiolier, then the Engraver Generals of Coin at the Paris Mint (Graveur Général des Monnaies), responsible for die engraving, production, and distribution to subsidiary mints. In AD 1805, Tiolier won first prise in sculpture at the Prix de Rome, becoming the first hardstone engraver to achieve this honour. In AD 1816, he succeeded his father as Chief Engraver and excelled in creating statues, portraits, reliefs, and medals.

Both sides of the coin feature a fine beaded border with inward-facing rounded square denticles. The edge is inscribed with “★ ★ ★ DIEU PROTEGE LA FRANCE”, which may be translated as “God Protects France” or rendered more poetically as “God Protect France.”

The Lille Mint, located in the northern French city of Lille, traces its origins to the fourteenth century AD and served as an important centre for the minting of gold and silver coins. In the late seventeenth century, Louis XIV incorporated it into the system of the Royal Mint of France. With the push towards centralisation in the early nineteenth century, coin production became increasingly concentrated in Paris, leading to the gradual decline of regional mints. The Lille Mint ceased operations in the mid-nineteenth century due to outdated equipment and reduced economic efficiency. The original mint buildings were demolished, and no structures survive today; the site is now occupied by the Maison de l’Apostolat des laïcs, a lay apostolate house of the Lille diocese.

Louis-Philippe (AD 1773–1850) was a member of the Orléans branch of the French Bourbon dynasty. After the July Revolution of AD 1830, he ascended the throne and established the July Monarchy (AD 1830–1848). During his youth, he fled abroad due to the French Revolution. Upon his return amidst political upheaval, he was proclaimed king. His reign promoted liberal economic policies and the rise of the industrial and bourgeois classes, yet also saw increasing social inequality and popular discontent. The February Revolution of AD 1848 forced Louis-Philippe to abdicate and flee to England, marking the end of the July Monarchy. France subsequently entered a brief Second Republic, which was followed by the establishment of the Second Empire under Napoleon III in AD 1852.

物件編號: A2656

年代: 公元 1841 年

材質: 銀 (900‰)

尺寸: 37.5 x 37.5 x 2.3 mm

重量: 24.75 g

製造地: 里耳鑄幣廠

來源: 大城郵幣社 2014

這是一枚里耳鑄幣廠所鑄，以法國國王路易-腓力之名發行的5法郎銀幣。

銀幣的正面是路易-腓力的右側肖像，頭戴桂冠。環列法文「LOUIS PHILIPPE I ROI DES FRANÇAIS」，意即「路易-腓力一世，法蘭西人之王」。「法蘭西人之王」頭銜只有路易十六與路易-腓力一世兩位君主曾擁有，取代先前使用的「法蘭西國王」(rex Franciae)。君主頭銜的更易，象徵了君主的合法性的觀念轉變，從世襲的天賦神權，到人民認同並賦予。肖像頸下「DOMARD.F.」為雕刻師約瑟-弗朗索瓦·多馬爾(Joseph-Francois Domard)的姓名縮寫，公元1810年獲羅馬大獎雕刻類二等獎，路易-腓力一世於公元1831至1848年所發行的第二套桂冠肖像銀幣，便是由其設計。

銀幣背面為面額「5 Francs」，即5法郎。下方為鑄行年「1841」。以桂冠環繞，月桂樹枝以絲帶繫連。右下方「W」為里耳鑄幣廠的鑄幣標記；左下方火堆為時任里耳鑄幣廠製造總監(Directeur de fabrication de la Monnaie)夏爾-路易·迪里克斯(Charles-Louis Dierickx)的標記，在升職往巴黎後，其標誌改為一隻右指的手；正下方五角星符號為尼古拉-皮埃爾·蒂奧利耶(Nicolas-Pierre Tiolier)，為時任巴黎鑄幣廠總雕刻師(Graveur Général des Monnaies)，負責幣模雕刻、生產及發送分廠。​公元1805年，蒂奧利耶在羅馬大獎賽中獲得雕刻類首獎，成為首位獲此殊榮的硬石雕刻藝術家。公元1816年，蒂奧利耶接替其父任總雕刻師。擅長創作雕像、肖像、浮雕與獎章。

正背面幣緣為細環，有圓角方齒向內。幣稜有邊銘「★ ★ ★ DIEU PROTEGE LA FRANCE」，或可譯為「天佑法蘭西」。

里耳鑄幣廠位於法國北部城市里耳，起源或可追溯至公元14世紀，為當地重要的金銀幣鑄造中心。公元17世紀末路易十四將其納入法國皇家鑄幣局體系。隨著公元19世紀初中央集權政策推動，貨幣生產逐步集中於巴黎，地方鑄幣廠逐漸衰退。里耳鑄幣廠因設備老舊、經濟效益降低，於公元19世紀中葉停止運作，原建築亦遭拆除，如今已無遺存，原址現為里耳教區的平信徒之家(Maison de l’Apostolat des laïcs)。

路易-腓力(生卒公元1773–1850年)，出身法國波旁王朝旁支奧爾良家族，公元1830年七月革命後即位，建立七月王朝(公元1830–1848年)。青年時期曾因法國大革命流亡海外，返回後在政治動盪中被擁立為國王。統治期間推行自由主義經濟政策，促進工業發展與資產階級興起，但社會貧富差距擴大，民怨積累。公元1848年二月革命爆發，路易-腓力被迫退位並逃亡英國，七月王朝隨之覆滅。此後法國進入短暫的第二共和，並於公元1852年成立第二帝國，由拿破崙三世掌權。