Item number: A2658

Year: AD 1960

Material: Silver (.900)

Size: 39.7 x 39.7 x 2.5 mm

Weight: 28.75 g

Manufactured by: Mexico Mint

Provenance: Da Chen Stamps and Coins Collection 2014

This is a ten-peso silver coin issued in AD 1960 by the Banco de México to commemorate the 150th anniversary of the Mexican War of Independence, minted by the Casa de Moneda de México.

The obverse features the national emblem of Mexico at its centre: an eagle clutching a snake, perched upon a cactus growing from a rock emerging from a lake, facing towards the viewer’s left. The emblem is derived from Aztec mythology, in which the rock signifies the site of Tenochtitlan, now present-day Mexico City. The oak and laurel branches below symbolise victory, following Greco-Roman tradition, and are frequently employed as emblems of republicanism. Surrounding the upper portion is the Spanish inscription “ESTADOS UNIDOS MEXICANOS”, the formal name of the “United Mexican States”. To the left of the snake appears the mark “Mͦ”, denoting the Casa de Moneda de México. The outer upper margin bears the Spanish inscription “DIEZ PESOS”, indicating the denomination of ten pesos. The lower margin reads “28.888 G · 1960 · LEY 900”, specifying the coin’s statutory weight of 28.888 grams, minted in AD 1960. “Ley”, meaning “law” in Spanish, is here used in the numismatic sense to denote fineness; thus, “LEY 900” signifies a silver content of 900‰.

The reverse displays at its centre a slightly turned, frontal half-length portrait of two figures standing side by side: from left to right, Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla and Francisco Ignacio Madero González. Hidalgo led the insurrection against the absolutism of the Spanish Crown in AD 1810, while Madero, through the issuance of the Plan de San Luis Potosí in AD 1910, initiated the Mexican Revolution to overthrow the military dictatorship of Porfirio Díaz, who had held power for over three decades. The years “1810” and “1910” flanking the portraits correspond to these pivotal events. Above the portraits is the date “1910”, indicating the minting year of this commemorative coin. Encircling the outer upper margin is the Spanish inscription “INDEPENDENCIA Y LIBERTAD”, meaning “Independence and Freedom”. The lower margin bears “SUFRAGIO EFECTIVO NO REELECCION”, translating to “Effective Suffrage, No Re-election”, the political slogan championed by Madero. At the time, the ruling party, the Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI), regarded successive revolutionary leaders as ideological forerunners, and through a carefully managed system of resource allocation and electoral control, largely realised the principle of “effective suffrage, no re-election” among political figures.

The edge of the coin is continuous and circular, with the rim featuring densely arranged, bow-shaped arches to prevent counterfeiting and the illicit shaving of silver.

Since its founding in AD 1929, the Partido Revolucionario Institucional had long maintained its grip on power, presenting itself as the heir to the legacy of the Mexican Revolution. Through the integration of military, labour, agrarian, and middle-class interests, it constructed a party-dominated, institutionalised political system. By controlling elections, the media, and state resources, the PRI ensured the concentration of presidential authority and smooth succession of power, with each president designated internally rather than through genuinely competitive elections. During the 1950s and 1960s, Mexico experienced rapid economic growth, with urbanisation and industrialisation expanding the middle class, though political freedoms remained restricted and social tensions gradually accumulated. By the 1980s, economic crises and growing public dissatisfaction intensified challenges to PRI rule. Ultimately, in AD 2000, the PRI was defeated in the presidential election by Vicente Fox of the National Action Party, ending its seventy-one-year period of uninterrupted governance.

物件編號: A2258

年代: 公元 1960 年

材質: 銀 (900‰)

尺寸: 39.7 x 39.7 x 2.5 mm

重量: 28.75 g

製造地: 墨西哥造幣廠

來源: 大城郵幣社 2014

此為墨西哥銀行(Banco de México)為紀念墨西哥獨立戰爭150週年，而由墨西哥造幣廠(Casa de Moneda de México)所製造，於公元1960年所發行的10披索銀幣。

銀幣正面的中央是墨西哥國徽，為一隻叼著蛇的雄鷹佇立在一棵從湖中的岩石長出的仙人掌上，朝向觀者左側。國徽取自阿茲特克人的神話，而神話中所敘述的岩石，便是特諾奇蒂特蘭城的原址，也就是如今的墨西哥城。下方的橡葉與月桂在希臘羅馬神話中象徵著勝利，也因此經常作為共和制的象徵。環列西班牙文「ESTADOS UNIDOS MEXICANOS」，為正式國號「墨西哥合眾國」。蛇身左側之「Mͦ」，為墨西哥造幣廠之註記。外側上方再環列西班牙文「DIEZ PESOS」，即面額10披索。下方環列｢28.888 G · 1960 · LEY 900」，為銀幣法定重量28.888公克，於公元1960年鑄行，「Ley」為西文法律之意，於錢幣學中引申為成色，「LEY 900」即銀含量900‰之意。

銀幣背面中央為並肩而立的正面微側半身像，左起為米格爾·伊達爾戈·科斯蒂利亞(Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla)與弗朗西斯科·伊納希奧·馬德羅·岡薩雷斯(Francisco Ignacio Madero González)。伊達爾戈於公元1810年起兵反抗西班牙王室的專制主義；馬德羅則於公元1910年以一紙《聖路易斯波托西綱領》(Plan de San Luis Potosí)掀起墨西哥革命，推翻軍事獨裁已逾三十年的波菲里奧·迪亞茲(Porfirio Díaz)政權。人像左、右側「1810、1910」便是事件之關鍵年份。人像上方「1910」則為此紀念幣之鑄行年。外側上方環列西文「INDEPENDENCIA Y LIBERTAD」，即「獨立與自由」。下方環列「SUFRAGIO EFECTIVO NO REELECCION」，即馬德羅的政治口號「有效選舉，不得連任」。時任墨西哥執政黨，革命制度黨(Partido Revolucionario Institucional)，視歷代墨西哥革命關鍵人物為理念上的先賢，而透過巧妙的資源分配與選舉操縱，該黨也基本做到了政治人物「有效選舉，不得連任」。

正背面幣緣接為環狀，幣稜為似弓的弧形，密集排列，以防偽造及磨取銀料。

自公元1929年，革命制度黨建立以來，該黨以繼承墨西哥革命遺產自居，長期執政。透過整合軍方、工會、農民與中產階級利益，建立起政黨主導的制度化政治體系。革命制度黨藉由控制選舉、媒體與國家資源，確保總統權力集中與政權平穩更替，所有總統均由黨內指定繼任，無需經由真正競爭性選舉產生。公元1950至1960年代，墨西哥經濟快速成長，城市化與工業化進程推動中產階級擴張，但政治自由受限，社會矛盾逐步累積。至公元1980年代，經濟危機與民眾不滿加劇，挑戰革命制度黨統治的力量逐漸壯大。最終在公元2000年，革命制度黨於總統選舉中敗給國家行動黨候選人比森特·福克斯，結束其長達七十一年的連續執政。