Vietnam

Kiền Nguyên Thông Bảo

越南

乾元通寶

Item number: A3005

Year: ND

Material: Bronze

Size: 22.6 x 22.6 x 0.7 mm

Weight: 2.3 g

Provenance: Spink 2023

This is a Vietnamese coin of unknown date of issue. Due to the country’s frequent historical periods of political fragmentation, and even during times of dynastic unification, regional warlords and local elites often engaged in the independent minting of currency. Within this socio-political context, numerous coins emerged that cannot be correlated with any officially recognised reign title. Such coins are referred to in numismatic scholarship as “uncatalogued coins” (脫譜錢), denoting currency that falls outside the established historical and administrative records.

The coin follows the traditional Chinese-influenced square-holed cash coin design and is made of bronze. On the obverse, the four Chinese characters “Kiền Nguyên Thông Bảo” (乾元通寶) are inscribed in regular script, arranged in the sequence of top, bottom, right, and left. The reverse is plain, with no inscriptions or decorative motifs.

None of the dynasties in Vietnamese history ever adopted “Qianyuan” (乾元) as an official reign title. However, between AD 758 and 760, the Tang dynasty in China, under Emperor Suzong, used “Qianyuan” as an era name, and issued coins bearing the inscription Qianyuan Chungbao (乾元重寶). Given Vietnam’s strong cultural and institutional influence from its northern neighbour, Vietnamese coinage frequently imitated the coin designs and inscriptions of Chinese dynasties—particularly those of the Tang, Song, and Ming periods, whose reign titles were often appropriated or replicated in form, style, or symbolism.

物件編號: A3005

年代: 不明

材質: 青銅

尺寸: 22.6 x 22.6 x 0.7 mm

重量: 2.3 g

來源: 斯賓克拍賣行 2023

這是一枚發行年代不明的越南錢幣,由於越南歷史上多次陷入分裂,即便是統一的王朝時期,地方上的豪強也經常有自行鑄幣的現象。在這樣的社會背景下,出現許多沒辦法跟統治者年號對應的錢幣,這些錢幣被稱為「脫譜錢」。

錢幣形制為深受中國影響的方孔錢,材質為青銅。錢幣正面按照上、下、右、左的順序,依序鐫刻楷書書法漢字「乾元通寶」。錢幣背面為光背,沒有任何圖案或文字。

越南的各個王朝並未使用過「乾元」作為年號。不過公元758至760年,中國唐代的唐肅宗曾經使用過「乾元」該年號,並且曾以該年號鑄造「乾元重寶」。越南在文化上深受北方的中國影響,其鑄造的錢幣經常會模仿中國王朝,尤其是唐、宋和明,這三個朝代使用的年號。

類似/相同物件 請看:

臺灣 國立歷史博物館 National Museum of History

https://collections.culture.tw/nmh_collectionsweb/collection.aspx?GID=MSMXM4MSMXM2

中國 國家博物館 National Museum of China

https://www.chnmuseum.cn/zp/zpml/hb/202203/t20220301_253938.shtml

更多相關訊息請參考:

王民同,〈越南古錢幣史述略〉,《北京市:中國錢幣》(4, 1992),頁29-35。

雲南省錢幣研究會、廣西錢幣學會編,《越南歷史貨幣》,北京:中國金融出版社,1993。

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