Item number: A3284

Year: AD 1981

Material: Aluminium Bronze

Size: 31.8 x 31.8 x 2.3 mm

Weight: 14.7 g

Provenance: Spink 2023

This is a 1 Tögrög commemorative coin issued in AD 1981 by the Mongolian People’s Republic to mark the 60th anniversary of the victory of the People’s Revolution. The coin is composed of aluminium-bronze.

The coin has a notably thick and solid appearance, with a prominent beaded border encircling the obverse. At the centre is the equestrian statue of Damdin Sükhbaatar, a key figure in the Mongolian revolution. The statue, located in the capital city of Ulaanbaatar, was completed in AD 1946 and remains one of Mongolia’s most significant landmarks. Above the portrait is the Cyrillic abbreviation for the Mongolian People’s Republic: “БНМАУ”, while to the right appears “60 ЖИЛ”, meaning “60 Years”, commemorating the anniversary.

The reverse side of the coin features the national emblem of the Mongolian People’s Republic, specifically the fifth version used between AD 1960 and 1992, prior to the country’s transition to democracy. Reflecting Mongolia’s status during the Cold War as a member of the communist bloc and a Soviet satellite state, the emblem was heavily influenced by Soviet design.

Flanking the emblem are tied sheaves of wheat, symbolising agriculture, while the top features a red star—representing communism—and the Soyombo, a traditional symbol of Mongolia. At the bottom is a cogwheel wrapped in a ribbon, representing the working class; inscribed on the ribbon is the Cyrillic abbreviation of the country’s name: “БНМАУ” (Бүгд Найрамдах Монгол Ард Улс, “Mongolian People’s Republic”).

At the centre of the emblem is a depiction of a Mongolian man dressed in traditional attire, riding a horse across the steppe toward a rising sun—symbolising the nation’s progress toward a bright communist future.

At the top of the emblem, the full name of the country is inscribed in Cyrillic Mongolian: “БҮГД НАЙРАМДАХ МОНГОЛ АРД УЛС” (Mongolian People’s Republic). Below the emblem is the coin’s denomination: “НЭГ ТӨГРӨГ” (1 Tögrög). The term Tögrög in Mongolian literally means “Dollar.”

The edge of the coin again bears the denomination “НЭГ ТӨГРӨГ” (1 Tögrög) in Cyrillic Mongolian, along with the dual dates “1921–1981”, indicating the year of the people revolution and the year of the coin’s issuance.

Damdin Sükhbaatar was born in AD 1893, at a time when Mongolia was still part of the Qing Empire. In AD 1911, following the Xinhai Revolution and the overthrow of the Qing imperial court by Han Chinese revolutionaries, the Mongols of Khalkha Mongolia, also known as Outer Mongolia, declared independence and established the Bogd Khanate, led by the spiritual figure Bogd Jebtsundamba Khutuktu. Following the establishment of the Bogd Khanate, Sükhbaatar joined the military, where he earned the respect and admiration of his comrades for his exemplary performance. He later took up a position at a printing press.

In AD 1919, Mongolia was successively invaded by the Beiyang government of China and by remnants of the Russian White Army following their defeat in the Russian Civil War. In response, Damdin Sükhbaatar secretly organised a resistance movement and crossed the border to seek support from the Russian Communist Party. He went on to found the Mongolian People’s Party, the first communist political organisation in Mongolia.

In AD 1921, with assistance from the Soviet Union, Sükhbaatar launched a revolution and successfully defeated the remaining White Army forces led by Baron Roman von Ungern-Sternberg. Following the revolution, Sükhbaatar became Minister of War, while Bogd Jebtsundamba Khutuktu was retained as a symbolic monarch.

In AD 1923, Sükhbaatar died of illness brought on by exhaustion. In his honour, the capital Khüree was renamed Ulaanbaatar, meaning “Red Hero.” The following year, in AD 1924, after the death of Bogd Khan, the Mongolian People’s Party formally declared the establishment of the Mongolian People’s Republic, making Mongolia the second communist state in the world after the Soviet Union.

物件編號: A3284

年代: 公元 1981 年

材質: 鋁青銅

尺寸: 31.8 x 31.8 x 2.3 mm

重量: 14.7 g

來源: 斯賓克拍賣行 2023

這是一枚公元1981年，蒙古人民共和國為紀念人民革命勝利六十周年發行的1圖格里克紀念幣，材質為鋁青銅。

錢幣的外觀十分厚實，正面周圍以碩大的珠圈環繞。錢幣正面是革命的重要發起人達木丁·蘇赫巴托，坐落於首都烏蘭巴托的騎馬肖像，其竣工時間為公元1946年，至今仍是蒙古重要的觀光景點。肖像上緣是西里爾蒙文的國名縮寫「БНМАУ」，右側「60 ЖИЛ」意思是六十周年。

錢幣背面帶有蒙古人民共和國的國徽，為公元1960年至1992年民主化之前，蒙古人民共和國使用的第五版國徽。作為冷戰時期共產主義陣營和蘇聯衛星國的身分，蒙古的國徽深受蘇聯的影響。國徽兩側是打結的麥穗，頂端是象徵共產主義的紅星和象徵蒙古的「索永布」，下緣則是被包裹在綵帶象徵工人的齒輪，綵帶上面有西里爾蒙文的國名縮寫「БНМАУ」。國徽正中央是一個在草原上馭馬奔馳，身著傳統服飾奔向朝陽的蒙古男子，象徵國家邁向共產主義的光明未來。

國徽上緣是以西里爾蒙文標示完整的國名「БҮГД НАЙРАМДАХ МОНГОЛ АРД УЛС」(蒙古人民共和國)，下方則是標示錢幣面額「НЭГ ТӨГРӨГ」(1圖格里克)，「圖格里克」蒙古語是「圓」的意思。

錢幣側邊再度以西里爾蒙文標示面額「НЭГ ТӨГРӨГ」(1圖格里克)，也標示人民革命和錢幣發行的紀年「1921-1981」。

蘇赫巴托出生於公元1893年，彼時蒙古仍是清帝國的疆域。公元1911年，清朝皇室於辛亥革命遭到漢人推翻之後，稱作「喀爾喀蒙古」或「外蒙古」的蒙古人擁護宗教領袖哲布尊丹巴呼圖克圖建立「博克多汗國」。博克多汗國建立之後，蘇赫巴托入伍以優秀表現得到同仁愛戴，後續則任職於印刷廠。

公元1919年，蒙古先後遭到中國北洋政府和俄國內戰落敗的白軍軍閥入侵，蘇赫巴托秘密成立反抗組織並越境尋求俄國共產黨支持，並且創立蒙古第一個共產主義政黨「蒙古人民黨」。公元1921年，蘇赫巴托在蘇聯幫助下發動革命，擊敗羅曼·馮·恩琴指揮的俄國白軍殘餘。蘇赫巴托成為軍事部長，哲布尊丹巴呼圖克圖則成為象徵性領袖。公元1923年，蘇赫巴托因為過勞病逝，首都庫倫改名為烏蘭巴托，即「紅色英雄」。公元1924年，哲布尊丹巴呼圖克圖圓寂之後，蒙古人民黨正式將國體改為「蒙古人民共和國」成為世界上第二個共產主義政權。