Item number: A3276

Year: AD 2001

Material: Cupronickel

Size: 22.0 x 22.0 x 1.3 mm

Weight: 4.1 g

Provenance: Spink 2023

This is a 500 Tögrög commemorative coin issued in AD 2001 by Mongolia to commemorate the 80th anniversary of the victory of the People’s Revolution led by Damdin Sükhbaatar. The coin is composed of cupronickel.

The obverse of the coin features a beaded border along the rim. At the centre is a portrait of Damdin Sükhbaatar dressed in traditional Mongolian attire. The surface shows noticeable wear, making the finer details of the portrait somewhat indistinct. Surrounding the image is a Cyrillic Mongolian inscription: “МОНГОЛ АРДЫН ХУВЬСГАЛЫН 80 ЖИЛИЙНОЙ,” which translates to “80th Anniversary of the Mongolian People’s Revolution.”

The reverse of the coin is encircled by a serrated rim. At the centre is the Soyombo, the national emblem of Mongolia. Above the Soyombo appears the inscription “МОНГОЛ БАНК” (Mongol Bank) in Cyrillic script. Flanking the Soyombo on both sides is the traditional Mongolian script “ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ”, which translates to “Mongol Uls” or “State of Mongolia” and reflects the country’s return to traditional script following democratisation in the 1990s. Beneath the Soyombo are the coin’s denomination, “500 ТӨГРӨГ” (500 Tögrög), and the year of issue, “2001.”

Damdin Sükhbaatar was born in AD 1893, at a time when Mongolia was still part of the Qing Empire. In AD 1911, following the Xinhai Revolution and the overthrow of the Qing imperial court by Han Chinese revolutionaries, the Mongols of Khalkha Mongolia, also known as Outer Mongolia, declared independence and established the Bogd Khanate, led by the spiritual figure Bogd Jebtsundamba Khutuktu. Following the establishment of the Bogd Khanate, Sükhbaatar joined the military, where he earned the respect and admiration of his comrades for his exemplary performance. He later took up a position at a printing press.

In AD 1919, Mongolia was successively invaded by the Beiyang government of China and by remnants of the Russian White Army following their defeat in the Russian Civil War. In response, Damdin Sükhbaatar secretly organised a resistance movement and crossed the border to seek support from the Russian Communist Party. He went on to found the Mongolian People’s Party, the first communist political organisation in Mongolia.

In AD 1921, with assistance from the Soviet Union, Sükhbaatar launched a revolution and successfully defeated the remaining White Army forces led by Baron Roman von Ungern-Sternberg. Following the revolution, Sükhbaatar became Minister of War, while Bogd Jebtsundamba Khutuktu was retained as a symbolic monarch.

In AD 1923, Sükhbaatar died of illness brought on by exhaustion. In his honour, the capital Khüree was renamed Ulaanbaatar, meaning “Red Hero.” The following year, in AD 1924, after the death of Bogd Khan, the Mongolian People’s Party formally declared the establishment of the Mongolian People’s Republic, making Mongolia the second communist state in the world after the Soviet Union.

In AD 1989, as a member of the communist bloc, Mongolia was influenced by the reform movements initiated by Mikhail Gorbachev in the Soviet Union. This sparked calls for political and economic reform within the country. On December 10, AD 1989, public demonstrations erupted in Sükhbaatar Square in the capital, Ulaanbaatar, with citizens demanding reform from the ruling Mongolian People’s Revolutionary Party (MPRP).

The protests continued until March 9, AD 1990, prompting the ruling party to adopt a new constitution in May of that year, officially lifting the ban on opposition parties. In AD 1992, a new constitution was enacted, transforming the Mongolian People’s Republic into simply Mongolia, thus formally ending nearly seven decades of communist rule.

The remains of Sükhbaatar, which had originally been enshrined in the capital, were relocated following the demolition of his mausoleum in AD 2005. In accordance with traditional Mongolian cremation rites, his ashes were reinterred at the Altan-Ölgii National Cemetery.

物件編號: A3276

年代: 公元 2001 年

材質: 白銅

尺寸: 22.0 x 22.0 x 1.3 mm

重量: 4.1 g

來源: 斯賓克拍賣行 2023

這是一枚公元2001年，蒙古國為紀念蘇赫巴托領導的人民革命勝利八十周年，發行的面額500圖格里克紀念幣，材質為白銅。

錢幣正面周圍有一道珠圈，正中央為穿著傳統服飾的蘇赫巴托肖像，其磨蝕的狀況稍顯嚴重，使得人像細節不甚清楚。人像周圍以西里爾蒙文標示「МОНГОЛ АРДЫН ХУВЬСГАЛЫН 80 ЖИЛИЙНОЙ」意思是「蒙古人民革命80周年」。

錢幣背面的周圍以鋸齒狀齒邊環繞，正中央的圖騰為蒙古的國家象徵「索永布」。索永布上緣以西里爾蒙文標示「МОНГОЛ БАНК」(蒙古銀行)，兩側則是蒙古在90年代民主化之後，重新恢復使用的傳統蒙文「ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ」意思是「蒙古國」。索永布的下緣則標示面額「500 ТӨГРӨГ」(500圖格里克) 和發行年份「2001」。

蘇赫巴托出生於公元1893年，彼時蒙古仍是清帝國的疆域。公元1911年，清朝皇室於辛亥革命遭到漢人推翻之後，稱作「喀爾喀蒙古」或「外蒙古」的蒙古人擁護宗教領袖哲布尊丹巴呼圖克圖建立「博克多汗國」。博克多汗國建立之後，蘇赫巴托入伍以優秀表現得到同仁愛戴，後續則任職於印刷廠。

公元1919年，蒙古先後遭到中國北洋政府和俄國內戰落敗的白軍軍閥入侵，蘇赫巴托秘密成立反抗組織並越境尋求俄國共產黨支持，並且創立蒙古第一個共產主義政黨「蒙古人民黨」。公元1921年，蘇赫巴托在蘇聯幫助下發動革命，擊敗羅曼·馮·恩琴指揮的俄國白軍殘餘。蘇赫巴托成為軍事部長，哲布尊丹巴呼圖克圖則成為象徵性領袖。公元1923年，蘇赫巴托因為過勞病逝，首都庫倫改名為烏蘭巴托，即「紅色英雄」。公元1924年，哲布尊丹巴呼圖克圖圓寂之後，蒙古人民黨正式將國體改為「蒙古人民共和國」成為世界上第二個共產主義政權。

公元1989年，作為共產主義陣營一員的蒙古也受到蘇聯戈巴契夫改革影響，國內也開始出現進行政治和經濟改革的聲音。公元1989年12月10日，首都烏蘭巴托的蘇赫巴托廣場上出現群眾示威，呼籲執政黨蒙古人民黨進行改革。示威抗議持續到隔年3月9日，執政黨於當年5月通過新憲法正式解除黨禁。公元1992年更宣布新憲法，將蒙古人民共和國改制為蒙古國，結束蒙古將近七十年的共產制度。

原先安放於首都的蘇赫巴托遺體，隨著公元2005年其陵寢遭到拆除後，也以蒙古傳統的火葬儀式遷葬於阿爾坦-奧爾吉國家公墓。