Item number: A3277

Year: AD 1984

Material: Aluminium Bronze

Size: 31.8 x 31.8 x 2.5 mm

Weight: 14.95 g

Provenance: Spink 2023

This is a 1 Tögrög commemorative coin issued in AD 1984 by the Mongolian People’s Republic to commemorate the 60th anniversary of the founding of the Mongolian state bank. The coin is composed of aluminium-bronze.

The coin has a notably thick and solid appearance. The obverse is decorated with a beaded border along the rim. At the top, the inscription “УЛСЫН БАНК” (State Bank) is rendered in ornate Cyrillic script. At the centre is the phrase “60 ЖИЛ”, meaning 60 Years, enclosed within the design. Below it is the year of issue, “1984”. The lower edge of the coin features a decorative motif of lotus branches.

The reverse side of the coin features the national emblem of the Mongolian People’s Republic, specifically the fifth version used between AD 1960 and 1992, prior to the country’s transition to democracy. Reflecting Mongolia’s status during the Cold War as a member of the communist bloc and a Soviet satellite state, the emblem was heavily influenced by Soviet design.

Flanking the emblem are tied sheaves of wheat, symbolising agriculture, while the top features a red star—representing communism—and the Soyombo, a traditional symbol of Mongolia. At the bottom is a cogwheel wrapped in a ribbon, representing the working class; inscribed on the ribbon is the Cyrillic abbreviation of the country’s name: “БНМАУ” (Бүгд Найрамдах Монгол Ард Улс, “Mongolian People’s Republic”).

At the centre of the emblem is a depiction of a Mongolian man dressed in traditional attire, riding a horse across the steppe toward a rising sun—symbolising the nation’s progress toward a bright communist future.

At the top of the emblem, the full name of the country is inscribed in Cyrillic Mongolian: “БҮГД НАЙРАМДАХ МОНГОЛ АРД УЛС” (Mongolian People’s Republic). Below the emblem is the coin’s denomination: “НЭГ ТӨГРӨГ” (1 Tögrög). The term Tögrög in Mongolian literally means “Dollar.”

The edge of the coin again bears the denomination “НЭГ ТӨГРӨГ” (1 Tögrög) in Cyrillic Mongolian, along with the dual dates “1924–1984”, indicating the year of the establish of bank and the year of the coin’s issuance.

On June 2, AD 1924, the Mongolian Trade and Industrial Bank—commonly known as the Bank of Mongolia—was established in Altanbulag, a town located on the Soviet-Mongolian border. This institution, Mongolia’s first modern state bank, was founded as a joint venture between the Soviet Union and Mongolia, and was primarily responsible for managing Mongolia’s foreign trade as well as overseeing the introduction of a new national currency, the Tögrög, in AD 1925.

In its early years, the bank’s ownership structure was heavily weighted in favour of the Soviet Union, with an 80:20 capital ratio between the Soviet and Mongolian sides. Likewise, the bank’s management and staff were predominantly Soviet nationals. This imbalance persisted until the 1950s, when the Soviet Union transferred its remaining shares to the Mongolian government, allowing for increased national control over the institution. In AD 1991, following the country’s democratisation and transition to a market economy, the Bank of Mongolia underwent structural reforms to adapt to the changing economic environment.

物件編號: A3277

年代: 公元 1984 年

材質: 鋁青銅

尺寸: 31.8 x 31.8 x 2.5 mm

重量: 14.95 g

來源: 斯賓克拍賣行 2023

這是一枚公元1984年，蒙古人民共和國為紀念蒙古銀行成立六十周年，所發行的1圖格里克紀念幣，材質為鋁青銅。

錢幣的外觀十分厚實。錢幣正面的周圍以珠圈裝飾，上緣是以花體字西里爾蒙文標示的「УЛСЫН БАНК」(國立銀行)，中間包裹著「60 ЖИЛ」(六十周年)，下方則是發行年份「1984」。錢幣下緣則以蓮花枝條作為裝飾。

錢幣背面帶有蒙古人民共和國的國徽，為公元1960年至1992年民主化之前，蒙古人民共和國使用的第五版國徽。作為冷戰時期共產主義陣營和蘇聯衛星國的身分，蒙古的國徽深受蘇聯的影響。國徽兩側是打結的麥穗，頂端是象徵共產主義的紅星和象徵蒙古的「索永布」，下緣則是被包裹在綵帶象徵工人的齒輪，綵帶上面有西里爾蒙文的國名縮寫「БНМАУ」。國徽正中央是一個在草原上馭馬奔馳，身著傳統服飾奔向朝陽的蒙古男子，象徵國家邁向共產主義的光明未來。

國徽上緣是以西里爾蒙文標示完整的國名「БҮГД НАЙРАМДАХ МОНГОЛ АРД УЛС」(蒙古人民共和國)，下方則是標示錢幣面額「НЭГ ТӨГРӨГ」(1圖格里克)，「圖格里克」蒙古語是「圓」的意思。

錢幣側邊再度以西里爾蒙文標示面額「НЭГ ТӨГРӨГ」(1圖格里克)，也標示銀行創建和錢幣發行的紀年「1924-1984」。

公元1924年6月2日，由蘇聯和蒙古合資的「蒙古貿易與工業銀行」又稱作「蒙古銀行」在蘇蒙邊境的阿勒坦布拉格成立。這間蒙古近代的第一間國立銀行主要負責蒙古的對外貿易，以及公元1925年新貨幣「圖格里克」推行工作。不過在銀行草創初期，蘇聯和蒙古雙方對於銀行的資本持比為8:2，從管理層到基層員工也以蘇聯籍占據多數。這樣的現象直到50年代，隨著蘇聯出清持股給蒙古政府才有所改善。公元1991年，蒙古銀行也進行結構上的調整，以應對民主化和開放市場後的經濟改革。