Item number: M49-2

Year: AD 1869-1870

Material: Gold, Silver and Enamel

Size: 13.17 x 20.83 mm

Provenance: Künker 2023

This set of miniature chain consists of three miniatures, from left to right, including Red Eagle Order, type IV, Order of the Saints Maurice and Lazarus, and The National Order of the Legion of Honour, 2nd Empire.

Order of the Saints Maurice and Lazarus

The combined Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus thrived with the support provided by the House of Savoy and the Papacy. Initially, the Order held both religious and military aspects, with certain knights taking holy orders akin to monks, simultaneously expected to engage in combat to defend faith and sovereignty. Their mission extended to safeguarding the Papal States’ coastline from Barbary pirates. The Order’s prestige was so significant that numerous European sovereigns encouraged their distinguished nobility to seek admission.

Throughout its history, the Order transitioned from military endeavors to contributing positively to humanity by expanding its secular influence. Military activities gradually gave way to the establishment and operation of hospitals strategically located in Piedmont. In response to a leprosy outbreak in the 18th century, the Order founded a hospital in Aosta in AD 1773, as recounted in Xavier de Maistre’s tale, Le Lépreux de la cité d’Aoste. This humanitarian endeavor became its primary focus for several ensuing centuries. By the time the statutes were published in AD 1816, the Order had shed its military character. Subsequent reforms occurred under Charles Albert of Savoy in AD 1831, Victor Emmanuel II of Savoy in AD 1868, and Grand Master Prince Victor Emmanuel of Savoy in AD 1996 and AD 1999.

In AD 2001, the Grand Master appointed H.R.H. Prince Emmanuel Philibert of Savoy, a descendant of the Order’s inaugural Grand Master, to serve as Grand Chancellor. Prince Emmanuel Philibert currently presides over A.I.C.O.D.S. (International Association of the Dynastic Orders of the House of Savoy) and collaborates with the Grand Master and Grand Chancellor in directing and governing the Orders. Admission to the Order is subject to the Grand Master’s approval, either initiated by him (motu proprio) or through his agreement to admit candidates proposed by Delegates and endorsed by the Council.

The Order boasts over 2000 members, including Knights and Dames of various ranks, organized into 35 Delegations worldwide. H.R.H. Prince Victor Emmanuel of Savoy serves as the 17th Grand Master, aided by a Grand Chancellor, an Executive Committee, a Council, and Delegates responsible for their respective Delegations globally, contributing to the Order’s administration.

Internationally, two annual ceremonies commemorate the Order. One pays tribute to deceased members of the Royal Family at the Royal Abbey of Hautecombe in the former Duchy of Savoy, now part of the French Republic. The other, celebrating the admission or promotion of new members, typically occurs in Geneva, the Abbey of St. Maurice d’Agaune in Switzerland, or Rome, Italy. Known as the Capitolo Generale (Chapter General) of the Savoy Orders, this occasion encompasses an installation ceremony and a gala ball, benefitting the charitable initiatives of the Savoy Orders.

The miniature comprises a white-enameled bottony cross of the Order of Saint Maurice, featuring a green-enameled Maltese Cross (the Cross of the Order of Saint Lazarus) positioned in saltire between the arms of the bottony cross. Additionally, a suspended crown is observable.

物件編號: M49-2

年代: 公元 1869-1870 年

材質: 黃金, 白銀和琺瑯

尺寸: 13.17 x 20.83 mm

來源: 昆克拍賣 2023

此迷你版勳章鍊條包含三個迷你版勳章，由左至右分別為第四型紅鷹勳章、聖莫里茲和拉撒路騎士勳章，以及第二帝國榮譽軍團勳章。

聖莫里斯和聖拉撒路聯合騎士團勳章

聖莫里斯和聖拉撒路聯合騎士團得到了薩伏侯爵家族和教廷的支持而繁榮發展。最初，這個團體既有宗教又有軍事的層面，一些騎士像修士一樣接受神聖的命令，同時被期望參與戰鬥，保衛信仰和主權。他們的使命還包括保護教宗國家免受巴巴里海盜的侵害。這個團體的聲望如此之高，以至於許多歐洲君主都鼓勵他們傑出的貴族加入。

在其歷史中，該團體從軍事活動轉向積極為人類做出貢獻，擴大其世俗影響力。軍事活動逐漸被建立和運營位於皮埃蒙特戰略位置的醫院所取代。鑒於公元18世紀麻風病的爆發，該團於公元1773年在奧斯塔建立了一家醫院，這在《阿奎斯特城的麻風病人》這個薩伏侯爵的故事中有所提及。這一人道主義的事業成為接下來數個世紀的主要關注。到公元1816年的時候，該團已經放棄了其軍事特色。在不同領導者的帶領下，該團進行了進一步的改革：公元1831年，薩伏侯爵查爾斯·阿爾伯特；公元1868年，意大利皇王維克多·艾曼紐二世；大團長維克多·艾曼紐公元1996年及公元1999年。

公元2001年，大團長任命薩伏侯爵家族的後裔、該團的首任大團長的H.R.H.菲利貝托·埃曼紐爾王子擔任大法官。菲利貝托·埃曼紐爾王子目前是薩伏侯爵家族勛章團國際協會(A.I.C.O.D.S.)的主席，協助大團長和大法官指導和管理勛章。加入該團需要大團長的批准，可以是他自行啟動的（motu proprio），也可以是他同意由代表團提出並由理事會推薦的候選人。

該團擁有2000多名成員，包括來自世界各地的騎士和女爵，分佈在35個代表團中。薩伏侯爵家族的維克多·艾曼紐爵士是第17任大團長，並在大法官、執行委員會、理事會以及全球負責各自代表團的代表的協助下，參與該團的管理。

國際上，每年舉行兩次紀念該團的儀式。其中一個是在前薩伏侯爵國，現在是法蘭西共和國的奧特孔修道院，向皇室家族的已故成員致敬。另一個儀式是在日內瓦、瑞士的聖莫里斯大修道院或意大利的羅馬舉行，以慶祝新成員的加入或晉升。這個活動被稱為Capitolo Generale，通常包括就職儀式和晚會，以支持慈善事業。

這個迷你版勳章包括一個由聖莫里斯騎士團白色琢磨交叉的勛章，上面放置著一個綠色琢磨交叉（聖拉撒路騎士團的十字）置於琢磨交叉的臂之間。此外，可見懸掛的王冠。