Item number: M381-3

Year: AD 1855-1859

Material: Silver and Enamel

Provenance: Andreas Thies EK 2024

This is an Order of Glory insignia dating from the late 19th to early 20th century, issued under the French protectorate in Tunisia. The order was originally established in AD 1835 by Mustapha ibn Mahmud, then Bey of Tunisia, who modelled it on Ottoman imperial decorations. Under French influence, it was subsequently expanded to six classes. The order was discontinued in AD 1957, following Tunisia’s abolition of the Beylical monarchy and the end of French colonial rule.

The decoration features a ten-pointed star adorned with diamond accents, with each ray alternating in green and red enamel. At its centre, the medallion is set with diamonds arranged to form the Arabic monogram for “Mohammed,” referring to Mohammed II ibn al-Husayn, who served as Bey of Tunisia from AD 1855 to 1859. The top of the insignia is fitted with a suspension element in the form of a Maltese cross.

In AD 1830, following France’s occupation of neighboring Algeria, French influence over Tunisia steadily intensified. In AD 1881, France formally deployed troops to seize the Tunisian capital, Tunis, thereby compelling Tunisia to become a French protectorate. It remained under French control until AD 1957, when it finally regained independence.

物件編號: M381-3

年代: 公元 1855-1859 年

材質: 銀和琺瑯

來源: 安德烈亞斯·蒂斯拍賣行 2024

這是一枚公元19世紀至20世紀初，作為法國保護國的突尼西亞頒布的「榮耀勳章」。榮耀勳章創立於公元1835年，由時任突尼西亞貝伊的穆斯塔法·伊本·馬哈茂德以宗主國鄂圖曼土耳其帝國的勳章為參考所發想。後續該勳章在法國的影響下擴充為六個等級，直到公元1957年，突尼西亞擺脫貝伊家族和法國的殖民統治方才遭到終止。

獎章外觀為周遭以鑽石裝飾的十芒星，每道光芒依序以綠色和紅色琺瑯交錯排列。正中央的圓盤以鑽石作為裝飾，並且排列出公元1855至1859年間，擔任突尼西亞貝伊的穆罕默德二世·伊本·侯賽因的阿拉伯文姓名縮寫「穆罕默德」。勳章的頂端則銜接一個馬爾他十字造型的懸掛。

公元1830年，法國佔領相鄰突尼西亞的阿爾及利亞後，不斷對突尼西亞增強影響力。公元1881年，法國正式出兵佔領突尼西亞的首都突尼斯，迫使突尼西亞成為法國的保護國，直到公元1957年才恢復獨立。