Item number: A3726／A3727／A3733／A3734

Reference number: KM#839、Butak#17 (A3726)／KM#843、Butak#18 (A3727)／KM#841、Butak#19 (A3733)／KM#840、Butak#20 (A3734)

Year: AD 1927 (AH 1336)

Material: Gold (.917)

Size: 33.0 x 33.0 mm (A3726)／26.0 x 26.0 mm (A3727)／16.0 x 16.0 mm (A3733)／13.0 x 13.0 mm (A3734)

Weight: 36.08 g recorded (A3726)／18.04 g recorded (A3727)／3.61 g recorded (A3733)／1.8 g recorded (A3734)

Manufactured by: Turkish State Mint

Provenance: Fuchin Coin 2025

This is a type of Republic gold coin (Cumhuriyet gold coin) issued from AD 1926 to 1929 by the Republic of Turkey.

On the obverse, above the central inscription appears the word “انقَرَه” (Anḳara), meaning “Ankara.” The middle line reads “٢٣ نيسان” (Nīsān 23), that is, 23 April. The lower inscription “١٣٣٦” gives the year of striking, AH 1336, corresponding to AD 1927. The inscriptions are enclosed within a crescent, the opening of which contains a five-pointed star; together they form the star-and-crescent motif symbolising Turkey.

On the reverse, the central inscription reads “جمهوريتى توركيه” (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti), the official state name “Republic of Turkey.” Beneath it is the date “١٩٢٧,” indicating the year AD 1927. The legend is surrounded by a wreath composed of oak leaves and wheat ears.

This design of Republic gold coinage was issued from AD 1926 to 1929. Although no denomination appears on the coins, the type corresponds to several values: 25, 50, 100, 250 and 500 kuruş. The kuruş (kuruş, also known historically as the piastre) was, in the imperial period, a relatively large silver denomination comparable to the French écu, but it later declined in value and became a small copper coin. In the monetary reform of AD 1688 under Ahmad III, the ratio of 100 kuruş (piastres) to 1 lira (Turkish pound) was established, a standard that has continued in use. After the establishment of the Republic, the terms piastre, Turkish pound and para ceased to be used.

The Republic of Turkey was established at 20:30 on 29 October AD 1923, when the Grand National Assembly adopted the republican form of government unanimously, marking the formal end of the Ottoman Empire. In the early years of the Republic, the government faced severe economic scarcity, monetary instability and the necessity of reconstructing the entire currency system after prolonged warfare. In contrast to the Ottoman monetary structure based on gold and silver, the Republican authorities first prioritised the withdrawal of obsolete paper money and low-denomination notes. On 3 March AD 1924, following the abolition of the Caliphate, and in accordance with Law No. 41, promulgated on 12 February AD 1924, the 5- and 10-para postage notes, together with the 40- and 100-para and 5- and 25-kuruş paper issues, were ordered out of circulation. They were replaced by bronze issues of 10 kuruş, 5 kuruş and 100 para, which were released between August and October AD 1924.

Regarding gold coinage, the Republican government did not reinstate the Ottoman gold standard. Instead, gold was increasingly confined to reserve and symbolic functions, although its importance never waned. In AD 1925, as the old dies could no longer be used, the Mint petitioned the Ministry of Finance to authorise the production of new “national gold-coin dies”. The Ministry deemed the request necessary, whereupon the Cabinet approved it and submitted the matter on 20 August AD 1923 to the President of the Grand National Assembly. The document was referred to the Teşkilat-ı Esasiye Kanunu Encümeni (Committee on the Law of Fundamental Organisation) for examination. The committee’s first draft was returned by the Assembly for revision, after which the design was finalised at a meeting attended by the Director of the Mint and formally approved without amendment in the session of 15 January AD 1924. Once the designs had been completed according to these specifications, they were ratified at the Cabinet meeting of 25 December the same year and transmitted officially to the Mint on 8 April AD 1925, whereupon production of the new dies commenced. On Monday, 5 October AD 1925, the first Republican “Five-Lira Gold Coin” was struck in a formal ceremony witnessed by the Minister of Finance, members of parliament, and senior civil and military officials. The coin was presented by the Minister of Finance, Abdülhalik, to Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. A total of 226 five-lira gold coins were minted that day, symbolising the Republic’s assumption of its own sovereign gold-coinage system.

In AD 1926, the Grand National Assembly, on 26 December AH 1341, adopted Law No. 698, by which the international (Gregorian) calendar replaced the Islamic calendar as the official reckoning. This took effect from the day following 3 December AH 1341, that is, 1 January AD 1926. As a result, the dates on Republican coinage changed from the Islamic calendar to the Gregorian one, making AD 1926 the first year to appear fully in Western dating on Turkish coinage. According to Ministry of Finance records, AD 1926 saw the minting of 2,268 five-lira gold coins, 604 two-and-a-half-lira pieces, 1,703 one-lira pieces, 2,168 half-lira pieces, and 4,539 quarter-lira pieces. Their fineness was approximately 22 carats, and their weights and diameters were fixed according to denomination; together they constituted the earliest series of Republican gold coinage.

Although gold no longer played a central role in official monetary policy, it retained irreplaceable cultural significance within Turkish society. Republican gold coins (Cumhuriyet altını or Ata altını) were not treated as circulating currency but functioned within civil society as a stable and widely accepted “social currency”. Quarter, half and full gold pieces became essential gifts at weddings, births and religious celebrations, symbolising good fortune, family wealth and secure long-term savings. In a context of recurrent inflation and fluctuating confidence in paper money, gold became the informal benchmark within the popular financial system. Even after the government enacted the Law on the Protection of the Value of Turkish Currency (Law No. 1567) in AD 1930, restricting gold exports and large-scale gold transactions and thereby removing gold from the formal monetary regime, Republican gold coins continued to circulate actively in social and cultural practice. As of AD 2025, Turkey remains among the world’s largest consumers of gold in the private sector, and the State Mint still accepts bullion from private individuals to be reminted into Republican gold coins or Republican ziynet (ornamental gold) of equivalent weight.

物件編號: A3726／A3727／A3733／A3734

參考書目編號: KM#839、Butak#17 (A3726)／KM#843、Butak#18 (A3727)／KM#841、Butak#19 (A3733)／KM#840、Butak#20 (A3734)

年代: 公元 1927 年 (伊曆 1336 年)

材料: 黃金 (917‰)

尺寸: 33.0 x 33.0 mm (A3726)／26.0 x 26.0 mm (A3727)／16.0 x 16.0 mm (A3733)／13.0 x 13.0 mm (A3734)

重量: 紀載為 36.08 g (A3726)／紀載為 18.04 g (A3727)／紀載為 3.61 g (A3733)／紀載為 1.8 g (A3734)

製造地: 土耳其國家鑄幣局

來源: 福君錢幣 2025

這是一些公元1926至1929年，土耳其共和國發行之共和國金幣(Cumhuriyet Gold)的一種設計。

錢幣正面中央幣銘之上方為「انقَرَه」(Anḳara)，即「安卡拉｣。中段為「٢٣ نيسان」(Nīsān 23)，即四月二十三日，下方「١٣٣٦」標示製造年，伊曆1336年，即公元1927年 。幣銘以新月環繞，正上方的新月缺口有一五角星，二者合為象徵土耳其的星月紋。

錢幣背面中央幣銘「جمهوريتى توركيه」(Türkiye Cumhuriyeti)，即「土耳其共和國」的官方國號。下方「١٩٢٧」標示製造年，公元1927年 。幣銘以橡葉和麥穗構成的花環所環繞。

該設計的共和國金幣鑄行於公元1926至1929年，均未標示面額，但仍有對應的多種幣值，分別為25、50、100、250、500庫魯什。庫魯什(Kuruş，或名皮亞斯特Piastre)，在帝制時期曾為一種面額較大的銀幣，與法國銀埃居(écu)相近，後逐漸貶值為小面額的銅幣。公元1688年，艾哈邁德三世(Ahmad III)的貨幣改革中，確立了100庫魯什(皮亞斯特)等於1里拉(土耳其鎊)的兌率，沿用至今。共和國建立後，皮亞斯特、土耳其鎊、帕拉(para)等幣名已不再使用。

土耳其共和國成立於公元1923年10月29日，大國民議會以一致決通過新政體，標誌著鄂圖曼帝國的正式終結。共和國初年，政府需面對長期戰爭後的經濟匱乏、通貨不穩與貨幣體系的全面重建。相較於鄂圖曼時代以金銀為本位的貨幣結構，共和國政府立即著手處理的是舊紙幣與低額貨幣的清理工作。公元1924年3月3日，在哈里發制度被廢除後，依據公元1924年2月12日頒布的第41號法律(Kanun No.41)，5與10帕拉郵票貨幣及40、100帕拉與5、25庫魯什(kuruş)的紙質貨幣被命令退出流通，並以青銅製10庫魯什、5庫魯什與100帕拉取代，這批新貨幣於1924年8月至10月陸續發行。

金幣方面，共和國政府在初期並未恢復奧斯曼過往的金本位制度，而是將黃金的角色逐漸限縮於儲備與象徵用途。然而黃金的重要性從未消退。公元1925年，鑄幣局因舊模具已無法再使用而向財政部申請製作新「國家金幣模具」。該請求經財政部認定必要後，由內閣批准，並於公元1923年8月20日呈交大國民議會主席。公文被轉交至《Teşkilat-ı Esasiye Kanunu Encümeni》(基本組織法委員會)審查。委員會的初稿被大會要求修訂，再於鑄幣局局長出席的會議中確定金幣設計，最終在公元1924年1月15日的會期中原文照准。金幣圖樣依此規格完成後，又於同年12月25日的內閣會議上取得正式核准，並在公元1925年4月8日以公文方式通知鑄幣局，隨即著手新模具的製造。公元1925年10月5日星期一，第一枚共和國「五里拉金幣」在財政部長、議員、軍政高層的見證下舉行正式儀式鑄造。該枚金幣由財政部長阿卜杜勒哈利克(Abdülhalik)轉呈給凱末爾·阿塔圖克。此日共鑄造五里拉金幣226枚，象徵共和國正式擁有自身的金幣體系。

公元1926年，土耳其大國民議會於伊曆1341年12月26日通過第698號法律，決定採用國際曆法(公曆)為官方曆法，自伊曆1341年12月3日之翌日，即公元1926年1月1日起生效。這項改革使共和國貨幣上的年份由伊斯蘭曆轉為公曆，使公元1926年成為首次完整出現在金屬貨幣上的西曆年份。根據財政部紀錄，公元1926年共鑄造2268枚五里拉金幣、604枚2.5里拉金幣、1703枚一里拉金幣、2168枚半里拉金幣與4539枚四分之一里拉金幣。其成色約為22K，重量與直徑則依不同面額而固定，是共和國黃金貨幣系列的雛形。

黃金雖不再被納入國家貨幣政策的核心，但在土耳其社會中具有不可替代的文化意義。共和國金幣(Cumhuriyet altını或Ata altını)並未被視作流通貨幣，而是在民間形成另一套穩定且普遍接受的「社會貨幣」。四分之一、半枚與足值金幣成為婚禮、誕生禮與宗教節慶中的必備贈禮，用以象徵祝福、家庭財富與長期儲蓄的安全性。在通貨膨脹頻繁、紙幣信任度不穩定的情況下，黃金更成為民間金融體系的「非正式基準」。即使政府於公元1930年頒布《保護土耳其貨幣價值法》(Law no.1567)，限制黃金出口與大額黃金交易，使黃金退出官方貨幣體系，但共和國金幣仍在民間經濟與文化儀式中保持高度流通性。時至公元2025年，土耳其民間市場對黃金的需求與吸納都位於世界前列，土耳其國家鑄幣廠至今也保留著接受民間委託，將送交的金塊鑄為等重的共和國金幣或共和國飾金(Ziynet)的業務。