Item number: M424-1

Year: AD 1851

Material: Bronze

Size: 14.0 x 14.0 x 1.5 mm

Provenance: Auktionshavs Kendzia 2025

This Hohenzollern Campaign Medal miniature version intended to be worn with civilian evening dress (such as a tailcoat).

The Hohenzollern Campaign Medal (Hohenzollersche Denkmünze für 1848/1849)

The obverse imitates the design of the Hohenzollern Royal House Orders. At the centre appears the “Imperial Eagle” representing the Kingdom of Prussia, crowned, wings displayed, its head turned to the right showing the left profile, the beak open with the tongue visible. On its breast is borne the Hohenzollern family coat of arms, a quartered shield in black and white. The eagle is framed by a double ring bearing the inscription “VOM FELS ZUM MEER” (“From the rock to the sea”), the motto newly assigned by King Friedrich Wilhelm IV to the House of Hohenzollern, summarising the dynasty’s ascent from its ancestral castle in the Swabian Alps to its expansion northwards to the shores of the Baltic and North Seas. The circular medallion is superimposed upon a cross pattée whose arms broaden outward and terminate in convex curves parallel to the enclosing ring. Along each arm, slightly detached from the outline, runs a finer four-armed ornamental pattern composed of narrow cross-hatched lines. The cross rests on a wreath composed of laurel leaves to the left and oak leaves to the right. The border is framed by a fine double line.

The reverse displays, across two horizontal lines, the name of the founder, “FRIEDRICH WILHELM IV”. These are separated above and below by a straight rule, with “1848” above and “1849” below. A surrounding ring encloses the legend “SEINEN BIS IN DEN TOD GETREUEN KRIEGERN” (“To his warriors steadfast unto death”). The border again consists of a fine double line.

The medal is suspended from two fixed rings attached at the top edge for mounting on a support bar, with the ribbon sewn above in medal-bar form. The ribbon is white with three black stripes, the outer stripes broader and slightly offset from the edge, and the central stripe narrower.

The Hohenzollern Campaign Medal was instituted by Friedrich Wilhelm IV on AD 1851 August 23 as a one-time distinction. It was awarded to those who, between AD 1848 and 1849, served loyally during the German revolutions and in the Schleswig–Holstein uprising from AD 1849 to AD 1851, provided they had completed at least fourteen days of service; non-combatant officials received a variant without the reverse inscription “SEINEN BIS IN DEN TOD GETREUEN KRIEGERN.”

The German revolutions of AD 1848–1849 were a wave of liberal and nationalist movements that swept through the states of the German Confederation. Their origins lay in long-standing social and economic tensions in early nineteenth-century Europe: agrarian hardship, unemployment accompanying early industrialisation, the bourgeois demand for constitutional government and civil rights, and the immediate catalyst of the French February Revolution. The uprisings spread rapidly from March AD 1848—thus also known as the “March Revolution”—forcing rulers to accept liberal ministries, abolish censorship, and convene the Frankfurt National Assembly, which attempted to draft a constitution for a unified, constitutional German polity. Yet the revolution faltered as conservative forces regrouped, armies reasserted control, Prussia and Austria rejected the Assembly’s imperial plan, and deep divisions persisted within the revolutionary camp—between advocates of a Greater or Lesser Germany, and between republicans and constitutional monarchists. By late AD 1848 the movement was in retreat.

Holstein belonged to the German Confederation and was predominantly German-speaking, whereas Schleswig was a territory of the Kingdom of Denmark, though its southern districts likewise contained a substantial German-speaking population. In the AD 1840s, Danish liberals advanced the policy of a “unitary kingdom”, seeking to integrate both duchies fully into Denmark’s constitutional framework, a move that provoked strong resistance among German inhabitants. When the waves of the March Revolution reached the Danish border in AD 1848, the Schleswig–Holstein provisional national government was established in Kiel, declaring its opposition to Danish centralisation and its intention to join the German Confederation, thereby triggering armed conflict. Prussia, acting on behalf of the Confederation, initially intervened in support of the insurgents, rapidly escalating the war. However, under pressure from the European Great Powers, Prussia was compelled to withdraw, and the insurgent forces were gradually subdued by the Danish army. The conflict concluded in AD 1851 with the complete defeat of the uprising, and both duchies were restored to Danish royal rule. Nonetheless, the underlying national tensions remained unresolved and culminated in the Second Schleswig War of AD 1864, after which Prussia and Austria ultimately seized control of the two duchies.

King Friedrich Wilhelm IV of Prussia, who ascended the throne in AD 1840, ruled at a time when conservative monarchy and liberal movements clashed dramatically. Steeped in a romantic conception of kingship and viewing himself as a ruler by divine grace, he favoured a revival of medieval hierarchical order over modern constitutional governance. Externally his reign confronted the loose structure of the post-Vienna German Confederation and Austria’s constraints; internally it faced the poverty and unrest generated by early industrialisation and growing liberal demands for constitutions, press freedom, and representative government. When revolution broke out in AD 1848 he initially offered symbolic concessions—such as adopting the black-red-gold colours—to appease public sentiment, but soon relied on military force to suppress uprisings in Prussia and across German territories. His refusal to accept the imperial crown drafted by the Frankfurt Assembly doomed its constitutional project. After the revolution’s failure he introduced a conservative constitutional framework in the AD 1850s that preserved royal authority and laid structural foundations for the military reforms and Prussian ascendancy later directed by his brother, Wilhelm I.

物件編號: M424-1

年代: 公元 1851 年

材質: 青銅

尺寸: 30.0 x 45.1 x 1.5 mm

來源: 肯吉亞拍賣行 2025

此霍亨索倫戰役獎章迷你版，用以著非軍服正裝(例如燕尾服)時配戴。

霍亨索倫戰役獎章(Hohenzollersche Denkmünze für 1848/1849)

獎章的正面仿霍亨索倫王室勳章的設計，中央為代表普魯士王國的「帝國鷹」，頭戴王冠，雙翅開展，鷹首朝右展露左側面，張喙吐舌，胸前承托霍亨索倫家族紋章，為一黑白相間的四分盾徽。帝國鷹以之間環列有銘文的雙環環繞，呈圓徽，銘文為德文「VOM FELS ZUM MEER」，即｢從岩石到大海｣，是普魯士國王腓特烈·威廉四世為其霍亨索倫家族所賦予的新格言。該格言總結了霍亨索倫家族自一座施瓦本阿爾卑斯山區的城堡，一路北上征伐直到波羅的海及北海沿岸的經歷。圓徽疊於十字之上，十字為四臂漸寬，末端圓弧於外環平行的展臂十字(cross pattée)，四臂上沿著輪廓，與輪廓稍微間隔各有一以細格紋繪成的稍細四臂作為紋飾。十字紋飾疊於一桂冠之上，由左側的月桂葉枝與右側的橡葉枝環繞而成。章緣有細雙環。

獎章的背面中央橫列二行為設立者「FRIEDRICH WILHELM IV」，即德文之｢腓特烈·威廉四世｣。以上下各一道直線相隔，上方為「1848」，下方為「1849」。以圍繞的環相隔，外側環列德文「SEINEN BIS IN DEN TOD GETREUEN KRIEGERN」，可譯為「獻給那些對他忠誠至死的戰士」。章緣有細雙環。

章緣上方有兩個環以正面懸掛於支撐槓上，綬帶則縫於上方固定，呈勳表形式。綬帶為白底上三道黑帶，兩側黑帶與邊緣稍微相隔並較寬，中央黑帶較細。

霍亨索倫戰役獎章為腓特烈·威廉四世於公元1851年8月23日所設立的一次性獎章，授予在公元1848至1849年德意志革命，以及公元1849至1951年什列斯威-霍爾斯坦起義中，忠於國王並至少服役滿十四天的戰鬥人員，如官員等非戰鬥人員另有章背無「SEINEN BIS IN DEN TOD GETREUEN KRIEGERN」銘文的版本以供酬勳。

公元1848年至1849年的德意志革命，是一場席捲德意志邦聯各邦國的自由主義與民族主義運動，其根源來自歐洲 19 世紀上半葉長期累積的社會與經濟矛盾，包括農民壓力、工業化初期的失業問題、中產階級對憲政與公民權的追求，以及受法國「二月革命」的直接刺激。革命於公元1848年三月至四月迅速在多個邦國爆發，因此也稱為「三月革命」。革命迫使各地君主接受自由主義內閣、廢除審查制度並召開法蘭克福國民議會，議會企圖制定全德意志地區的憲法與君主立憲架構。然而，隨著保守勢力重整力量、軍隊重新掌握局面、普魯士與奧地利拒絕接受議會的皇權安排，加上革命陣營內部在「大德意志／小德意志」、「共和／君主立憲」等重大議題上無法取得共識，革命自公元1848年底起逐步走向潰敗。

霍爾斯坦大部屬於德意志邦聯，主要為德語區；而什列斯威則為丹麥王國的領地，但其南部同樣擁有大量德語人口。丹麥自由派在公元1840年代推動「三合一王國」政策，意圖將兩公國全面納入丹麥憲政架構，引發德語居民的強烈反彈。公元1848年三月革命的浪潮抵達丹麥邊境後，什列斯威–霍爾斯坦民族自由政府在基爾(Kiel)成立，宣布反對丹麥中央集權化並試圖加入德意志邦聯，引發武裝衝突。初期普魯士代表德意志邦聯出兵支援起義軍，使戰事迅速升級。然而在歐洲列強干預下，普魯士被迫退出戰事，起義軍勢力逐步被丹麥軍隊壓制。戰爭於公元1851年隨著起義徹底失敗而結束，兩公國重回丹麥王室管轄。儘管如此，民族矛盾並未消失，並在隨後的公元1864年第二次什列斯威戰爭爆發後，最終由普魯士和奧地利奪取兩公國。

普魯士國王腓特烈·威廉四世自公元1840年即位，是德意志保守君主制與自由主義思潮劇烈碰撞時期的重要人物。他以浪漫主義式的王權觀著稱，自視為「上帝恩典下的君主」，主張恢復中世紀式的階級秩序與君主父權，而非近代憲政體系。其統治初期在外部面臨維也納會議後的德意志邦聯鬆散格局與奧地利的壓制；在內部則遭遇工業化初期帶來的貧困、社會動盪與自由派對憲法、新聞自由與議會制度的要求。公元1848年，革命爆發時，他先以讓步與象徵性姿態(如戴上黑紅金三色)試圖安撫輿論，但很快轉向依賴軍隊鎮壓普魯士與德意志各地的革命運動，並拒絕接受法蘭克福國民議會所擬的全德帝位，使德意志憲政統一的嘗試破局。革命失敗後，他在公元1850年代推行保守的憲政形式，維持王權優勢，並為其弟威廉一世後來主導的軍事改革與普魯士崛起奠定制度基礎。