Item number: M444

Year: AD 1917-1918

The results after XRF testing

Material: Silver

Size: 57.2 x 44.5 x 1.2 mm

Weight: 19.15 g

Provenance: Stephen Album Rare Coins 2025

This is a military service medal that was likely issued by the Emirate of Bukhara in AD 1917–1918.

The medal is made of silver and is pear-shaped. At the centre is a smaller pear-shaped field bearing a Persian inscription, read from right to left and from bottom to top as “بخارایِ شریف” (Bokhārā-ye sharīf), meaning “Noble Bukhara.” In the middle appears the date “۱۳۳۶,” indicating AH 1336, which the inscriptional context associates with issuance in AD 1915–1916. The outer circumscription on the right-hand side is recorded in Russian sources as reading “in memory of the war,” though the original Persian wording remains unidentified. On the left-hand side, read from bottom to top, is the inscription “به غلامانِ جانباز” (be gholāmān-e jānbāz), rendered here as “dedicated to the loyal retainers.” The spaces between the letters are filled with ornamental motifs, and traces of turquoise and blue enamel powder remain in the recessed areas between the raised elements. The medal was originally fully filled with turquoise and violet enamel. At the top is a loop for suspension from a cord to be worn on the chest; the loop itself bears an inscription, the precise content of which remains to be determined.

The medal was likely instituted by Mohammed Alim Khan and is said to have been awarded to all individuals conscripted at the time.

The Emirate of Bukhara was established in AD 1785, when Shāh Murād, a strongman of the Manghit tribe of Turkic origin, deposed the Astrakhanid dynasty, whose lineage could be traced back to Genghis Khan, and founded a new state with Bukhara as its capital. As he did not belong to the Mongol Golden Lineage, Shāh Murād could not assume the title of khan and was instead styled emir; from this point onward, the Khanate of Bukhara was reorganised as the Emirate of Bukhara.

In the mid-19th century, faced with the steady expansion of Imperial Russia into Central Asia, the Emirate of Bukhara suffered repeated military defeats and, in AD 1868, became a Russian protectorate. In AD 1917, taking advantage of the turmoil following the October Revolution in Russia, the emirate briefly regained its independence. However, in AD 1920, under pressure from the advancing Soviet Red Army, the last emir, Mohammed Alim Khan, fled into exile in neighbouring Afghanistan, marking the definitive end of the Emirate of Bukhara.

物件編號: M444

年代: 公元 1917-1918 年

XRF分析結果:

材質: 銀

尺寸: 57.2 x 44.5 x 1.2 mm

重量: 19.15 g

來源: 史蒂芬稀有錢幣專輯 2025

這是一枚應為公元1917至1918年，布哈拉酋長國頒發的軍事服務獎章。

獎章材質為銀，外觀為梨形。中央較小的梨形區域，有波斯文章銘，由右至左，由下至上為「بخارایِ شریف」(Bokhārā-ye sharīf)，即「高貴之城布哈拉」。中間有「۱۳۳۶」，標示此章為伊曆1336年，即公元1915至1916年所發。外側環銘右側據俄文資料為「紀念戰爭」，原文不明。左側自下而上為「به غلامانِ جانباز」(be gholāmān-e vafādār)，即「獻給忠誠的奴僕」。字間除填有花紋外，凸紋間凹處有殘留的青色及藍色琺瑯粉末。原先應填滿青色及紫色琺瑯。上方有環，用以穿繩懸掛於胸前。環上有銘文，具體待考。

該獎章應由穆罕默德·阿利姆汗設立，據稱頒予所有當時應徵入伍的人。

布哈拉酋長國是公元1785年，出身突厥部落的曼吉特部強人：沙阿·穆拉德罷黜血統能上溯至成吉思汗的阿斯特拉罕王朝後，以布哈拉為首都建國。由於並非出身於蒙古黃金家族，沙阿·穆拉德不得自稱為可汗，僅能擁有埃米爾的頭銜。自此布哈拉汗國改制為布哈拉酋長國。

公元19世紀中葉，面對沙俄對中亞地區的步步擴張。布哈拉酋長國先是在公元1868年多次兵敗後，淪為沙俄的保護國。公元1917年，利用沙俄十月革命的混亂之際，布哈拉酋長國舉兵短暫恢復獨立。但在公元1920年，面對蘇聯紅軍的攻勢，末代埃米爾：穆罕默德·阿利姆汗流亡至鄰國阿富汗，宣告布哈拉酋長國的覆滅。