Item number: X27

Year: circa 1600-400 BC

Material: Bronze

Size: 55.8 x 8.2 mm

Weight: 8.15 g

Provenance: Fuchin Coin 2023

This is a bronze arrowhead, a morphological type that appeared from the Early Shang period to the early Warring States period (c. 1600–400 BC).

The cross-section of the arrowhead body is triangular, and the three vertices—namely the ridges—lack outwardly extending blades or wings, hence its classification as a triangular (three-edged) arrowhead. The posterior ends of the ridges do not feature extended barbs. The narrow, cylindrical rod extending from the base of the ridges is termed the tang, and the junction connecting the ridges and the tang is known as the base; the base of this specific arrowhead exhibits a hexagonal cross-section.

Arrowheads function as the edged components mounted on the forend of an arrow shaft, propelled to distant targets via bowstrings or crossbow mechanisms, and they constituted core military equipment consumed in immense quantities during wartime. Bronze arrowheads emerged as early as the Erlitou culture period, with three primary typologies—double-winged, triple-winged, and triangular—predominating across the Central Plains and the Guanzhong region. Among these, triangular arrowheads with triangular cross-sections are predominantly found as bone artifacts within Longshan and Early Shang sites; although bronze triangular arrowheads existed as early as the Early Shang period, they did not become genuinely widespread until after the early Warring States period. Throughout their evolutionary trajectory, triangular arrowheads can be broadly classified into three types based on their morphology: Type A features a relatively long body that tapers obliquely and linearly from the base toward the tip; Type B possesses a comparatively shorter body, frequently features an iron tang in early Warring States burials, and comprises two distinct styles: those with slightly protruding rear barbs and those without rear barbs; Type C belongs to the mid-to-late Warring States period, characterised by a narrow, elongated body with slightly upturned rear barbs at the base. Furthermore, the tangs of Shang and Zhou dynasty arrowheads were generally short, whereas the development into the Warring States period witnessed the widespread emergence of diversified forms—such as elongated tangs, openwork double wings, and conical profiles—to enhance lethality in response to novel tactical methods and weapon innovations.

物件編號: X27

年代: 公元前約 1600-400 年

材質: 青銅

尺寸: 55.8 x 8.2 mm

重量: 8.15 g

來源: 福君錢幣 2023

這是一件青銅箭頭，形態學上自商早期至戰國初期均有出現。

箭頭的簇身截面呈三角形，三個頂角，即箭脊處無外伸的翼刃，因此稱為三棱簇。箭脊後端無延伸出來的倒鉤。脊的根部伸出的較窄圓棍稱為鋌，脊鋌連接部稱為本，此箭簇的本，其截面呈六角形。

箭簇是安裝在箭杆前端、用弓弦或弩機彈發射遠的鋒刃兵器，為戰時消耗量極大的核心軍事裝備。青銅簇自二里頭文化時期便已出現，在中原與關中地區主要流行有雙翼、三翼與三棱三種形制。其中，斷面呈三角形的三棱簇在龍山及商前期遺址中多見骨質製品，青銅製的三棱簇雖自商前期便已存在，但直到戰國早期以後才真正廣泛流行。在演變過程中，三棱簇依形制可分為三型：A型簇身較長且由底部向鋒部斜直聚斂；B型簇身相對較短，在戰國早期墓葬中常見有鐵鋌、且包含「略出后鋒」與「無後鋒」兩種樣式；C型則屬於戰國中晚期，具有窄而長的簇身且底部后鋒微上翹。此外，商周時期的簇鋌一般較短，發展至戰國時期則因應新作戰方法與武器改進，普遍出現了長鋌、雙翼透雕或錐形等更加追求殺傷力的多樣化形制。