Item number: M489-5

Year: AD 1867-1922

Material: Gold, Silver and Enamel

Provenance: Cambi Auction 2025

This is an “Order of Osmanieh” instituted in AD 1861 by the Ottoman Turkish Sultan Abdulaziz. Following the establishment of the Republic of Turkey in AD 1922, this order was subsequently abolished.

The obverse of the badge features a heptagonal starburst design, with the surface of each arm coated in green enamel and the tip of each point adorned with a small silver ball. Between the corners of the heptagonal green star are radiating, multifaceted, three-dimensional silver rays. The central medallion of the badge is encircled by a double gold ring inlaid with green enamel, while the center itself features a red enamel base. Engraved at the center of the medallion is the golden Arabic inscription “عبد العزيز خان” (Abdülaziz Han), representing the sovereign’s regnal name “Sultan Abdulaziz Khan”. The full inscription of the original order should read “المستند بتوفيقات الربانية عبد العزيز خان ملك الدولة العثمانية” (El-müstenid bi-tevfîkāt el-rabbâniye Abdülaziz Han Melik ed-Devlet el-Osmaniye), meaning “By the assistance of Divine Direction, Abdulaziz Khan, Sovereign of the Ottoman Empire”; however, this miniature version retains only the centralmost portion containing the sovereign’s name. Beneath the inscription rests a golden crescent, a symbol of the Islamic faith, which in this miniature version is off-centre and shifted towards the upper left. The suspension of the badge is a golden ornament composed of a crescent and a five-pointed star, which connects to the ribbon ring above.

The reverse of the starburst section is identical to the obverse. The central medallion, however, replaces the enamel with gold, depicting a trophy of arms in relief. The main motif consists of two crossed imperial flags, drums, and various weapons, symbolizing the honour and military prowess of the Ottomans. In a small oval frame at the top, the inscription “سنة ١٢٧۸” is engraved, denoting the Hijri year “1278”, which corresponds approximately to AD 1862, the year the order was founded. Certain special editions or breast stars are also engraved with “699” (corresponding to AD 1299) to symbolize the foundation of the empire.

The Order of Osmanieh comprises four primary classes, supplemented by the highest distinction of the jeweled “Murassa” class, which is adorned with precious gemstones. To receive this honour during peacetime, civil servants, academics, or military personnel must generally demonstrate continuous and successful service in their respective fields for no fewer than twenty years; furthermore, promotion to the First Class of the Order is strictly predicated upon having previously been awarded the First Class of the Order of the Medjidie. The method of wearing the insignia varies rigorously according to rank: the First Class entails a sash draped diagonally from the right shoulder, paired with a 100 mm starburst breast star worn on the left chest; the Second Class requires a neck badge complemented by a 90 mm breast star; whereas the Third and Fourth Classes omit the breast star entirely, featuring only a breast badge suspended from a ribbon on the left chest. Article 19 of the regulations explicitly mandates that the order shall be legally revoked for any recipient whose conviction for crimes against the state or society is finalised by court judgement. Moreover, with the sole exception of the highly privileged jeweled “Murassa” class, which may be bequeathed to heirs upon the holder’s demise, all regular classes of the order must be legally returned to the State Treasury following the recipient’s death.

The Order of Osmanieh was formally established by imperial decree in January AD 1862 (AH 1278) by Sultan Abdulaziz, the 32nd ruler of the Ottoman Empire. At the time, the empire was navigating the Tanzimat modernization reforms of the mid-to-late 19th century, during which the state actively aligned and integrated its political, military, and diplomatic frameworks with those of the Western powers. Conceived to supersede the archaic and unsystematic reward systems of the past, this order emerged as an essential institutional tool for the empire to commend civil and military officials who made outstanding contributions to national modernization, as well as to bestow upon foreign heads of state, diplomats, and military allies in diplomatic arenas.

Abdulaziz, the son of Sultan Mahmud II, ascended to the Ottoman throne in AD 1861 following the death of his brother, Abdulmejid I. At the onset of his reign, he exhibited a distinct air of frugality compared to his predecessor, issuing edicts promising to streamline administrative procedures and reduce the court budget. He not only disbanded the vast harem left by his brother but also sent a significant quantity of palatial gold and silver plate to the mint to be melted down for fiscal support. Administratively, he relied heavily on enlightened bureaucrats Fuad Pasha and Ali Pasha, dedicating himself to the promotion of the Tanzimat reforms. In AD 1867, at the invitation of Napoleon III, Abdulaziz visited Paris for the Exposition Universelle, subsequently travelling to London and Vienna. This made him the first Ottoman monarch to visit Western Europe during peacetime, during which he displayed a profound interest in Western industrial technology. Upon his return, he facilitated the compilation of the first Ottoman Civil Code (Mecelle) and established Galatasaray High School in AD 1868 to promote French-style secular education.

However, his pursuit of naval supremacy bordered on the obsessive; he invested colossal sums to order the most advanced ironclad warships of the era from Britain and France, briefly elevating the Ottoman Navy to the third largest in the world by the AD 1870s. This expenditure resulted in a catastrophic fiscal burden. Following the death of Ali Pasha in AD 1871, Abdulaziz gradually reclaimed absolute power and shifted towards autocracy, commissioning the construction of the opulent Beylerbeyi and Çırağan Palaces, which exacerbated the national deficit. In AD 1875, the empire faced financial collapse due to the Herzegovina Uprising in the Balkans and a severe drought, leading to a declared default on foreign debt interest and a total loss of international credit. In May AD 1876, amidst demonstrations by the softas (theological students) and a conspiracy orchestrated by Midhat Pasha, he was deposed at Dolmabahçe Palace. Immediately imprisoned, he was found dead on 4 June AD 1876, with the arteries of his wrists severed by scissors.

物件編號: M489-5

年代: 公元 1867-1922 年

材質: 黃金、銀、琺瑯

來源: 坎比拍賣行 2025

這是一枚公元1861年，鄂圖曼土耳其蘇丹阿卜杜勒-阿齊茲設立的「奧斯曼尼耶勳章」。公元1922年土耳其共和國成立後，該勳章也連同遭到廢止。

奧斯曼尼耶勳章的章體正面星芒採用七角星芒造型，各臂的表面覆以綠色琺瑯，並在每個星芒的頂端裝飾著銀色小圓球。七角綠星的各個角隅之間，嵌有放射狀的多面立體銀色射線。勳章的中心圓蓋，其外圈圍繞著內襯綠色琺瑯的雙層金環，中央則是紅色琺瑯底。圓盤中央鐫刻金色阿拉伯銘文「عبد العزيز خان」（Abdülaziz Han），即君主名諱「阿卜杜勒-阿齊茲汗」，原章全銘文應為「المستند بتوفيقات الربانية عبد العزيز خان ملك الدولة العثمانية」（El-müstenid bi-tevfîkāt el-rabbâniye Abdülaziz Han Melik ed-Devlet el-Osmaniye），意為「依仗真主的引導與協助，鄂圖曼王國之君主阿卜杜勒-阿齊茲汗」，迷你版僅保留最中央君主名諱部分。銘文下方則襯托著一枚象徵伊斯蘭信仰的金黃色新月，在此迷你版中並未置中並向左上偏移。勳章頂飾為一個由新月與五角星組合而成的金色飾件，與上方的綬帶環相連結。

背面星芒部分與正面同。中央圓蓋則由琺瑯改為金質，以浮雕刻畫戰獲圖樣（Trophy of arms），其主體由兩面交叉的帝國旗幟、軍鼓以及各式兵器組成，象徵著鄂圖曼人的榮譽與軍功。在上方的一個小橢圓框內，刻有「١٢٧۸ سنة 」，即伊曆「1278年」，相當於公元約1862年，即勳章創立之年。部分特殊版本或星章亦會刻上象徵帝國建立的「699」（對應西元1299年）。

奧斯曼尼耶勳章共分為四個主要等級，並在第一等之上另設有綴滿珍貴寶石的最高榮譽「鑲鑽款（Murassa）」。在和平時期，若要獲得此榮譽，文職、科學界或軍職人員通常必須在各自的專業領域中持續且成功地服務滿20年以上；且若要晉升至第一等勳章，前提必須是已先獲頒過麥吉迪勳章的第一等。配戴方式依級別有嚴格區分：第一等使用大綬帶自右肩斜跨，並配戴100毫米的太陽芒星章於左胸；第二等採頸綬並配戴90毫米星章；第三、四等則無星章，僅以襟授綬帶懸掛於左胸。法規第19條更明確規定，凡經法院判決確定犯有危害國家或社會罪行者，其勳章將被依法褫奪。此外，除了象徵最高特權的「鑲鑽款」在持有者逝世後允許留給繼承人外，其餘各常規等級的勳章在獲得者過世後，皆必須依法歸還國家國庫。

奧斯曼尼耶勳章由鄂圖曼帝國第32任蘇丹阿卜杜勒-阿齊茲一世（Abdulaziz）於西元1862年（伊斯蘭曆1278年）1月正式頒布御令創立。當時的帝國正處於19世紀中後期的「坦志麥特（Tanzimat）」現代化改革步調中，國家在政治、軍事與外交體制上積極向西方列強靠攏並尋求接軌。為了取代過去古老、缺乏系統性的賞賜制度，這枚勳章應運而生，成為帝國用以表彰國內對國家現代化做出傑出貢獻的文武百官，以及在外交場合上贈予外國元首、外交官與軍事盟友的重要制度化工具。

阿卜杜勒-阿齊茲，是蘇丹馬哈茂德二世之子，於公元1861年在其兄長阿卜杜勒-馬吉德一世去世後繼位為鄂圖曼土耳其蘇丹。他在即位之初展現出與前任截然不同的節儉氣象，頒布詔書承諾簡化行政程序並縮減宮廷預算，不僅解散了兄長留下的龐大後宮，還將大量宮廷金銀器皿送往鑄幣廠熔毀以支撐財政。他在行政上高度依賴開明官僚傅阿德帕夏與阿里帕夏，致力於推動《坦志麥特》改革。公元1867年，阿卜杜勒-阿齊茲受拿破崙三世邀請訪問巴黎參加萬國博覽會，隨後訪問倫敦與維也納，成為首位在和平時期踏足西歐的鄂圖曼君主，他在訪問期間表現出對西方工業技術的強烈興趣。回國後，他推動了首部《民法典》(Mecelle)的編纂，並於公元1868年創立了加拉塔薩雷高中以推廣法式世俗教育。然而，他對海軍力量有著近乎偏執的追求，投入巨資向英國與法國訂購當時最先進的鐵甲艦，使鄂圖曼海軍在公元1870年代一度躍升為世界第三，但這也造成了毀滅性的財政負擔。隨著公元1871年阿里帕夏去世，阿卜杜勒-阿齊茲逐漸收回權力並開展專制，他興建了富麗堂皇的貝勒貝伊宮與查拉安宮，加劇了國家赤字。公元1875年，帝國因巴爾幹半島的赫塞哥維納起義與旱災導致財政崩潰，宣佈停止支付外債利息，引發國際信用喪失。公元1876年5月，在神職人員「索夫塔」的示威與米德哈特帕夏的策劃下，他在多爾瑪巴赫切宮被廢黜，隨即被禁錮，並於公元1876年6月4日被發現死於獄中，手腕動脈被剪刀割斷。