Item number: M538-1

Year: AD 1851-1946

Material: Gold and Enamel

Provenance: Bertolami Fine Art s.r.l. 2025

This is a miniature version of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus, designed for private commission and intended for wear with non-military formal attire, such as a tailcoat.

The insignia of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus features a white trefoil cross representing the Order of Saint Maurice superimposed obliquely over a green Maltese cross representing the Order of Saint Lazarus, executed in polychrome enamel on a gold substrate. It possesses no finial above, with a crown present only for the rank of Officer and above.

The origins of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus trace back to two distinct medieval chivalric orders. The Order of Saint Maurice was founded in AD 1434 by Amedeus VIII, Duke of Savoy, rooted in the veneration of the martyred Saint Maurice in the Valais region and the spirit of the Theban Legion. Conversely, the Order of Saint Lazarus originated during the Crusades, established to safeguard the Holy Land and care for lepers. In AD 1572, through a papal bull issued by Pope Gregory XIII, the two orders were formally and perpetually united into the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus. Headed hereditarily by the leader of the House of Savoy as Grand Master, the unified order embodied military, religious, and charitable dimensions.

During the reforms enacted by Carlo Alberto, King of Sardinia, in AD 1831, the membership was divided into ranks such as Knight, Commander, and Grand Cross, further distinguished into “Knights of Justice”—who applied based on noble lineage—and “Knights of Grace,” appointed for personal merit, though both classes shared an identical insignia appearance. By AD 1851, during the reign of Vittorio Emanuele II, hereditary nobility requirements were officially abolished. Stripped of its monastic character, the order transitioned into a state honours system rewarding distinguished contributions to civil and military service, science, the arts, and philanthropy, ultimately establishing a modern five-class hierarchy spanning Knight, Officer, Commander, Grand Officer, and Grand Cross.

The insignia design remains consistent across all ranks, differing only in size. The foundational rank of Knight features a small cross worn with a chest ribbon. The Officer rank adds a crown flanked by a wreath of laurel and oak leaves above the cross. Commanders wear a medium-sized cross with a crown suspended from a neck ribbon. Grand Officers wear the neck ribbon with the medium-sized cross alongside a silver four-pointed star breast badge worn on the left chest. The highest rank, Knight of the Grand Cross, wears a green grand sash draped from the right shoulder to the left hip, suspending a large cross with a crown, complemented by a silver eight-pointed star breast badge on the left chest.

Furthermore, the honours system includes the famed Mauriziana Medal, established in AD 1839 specifically for active-duty officers who had already received the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus and completed fifty years of service. Featuring an equestrian relief of Saint Maurice on the obverse, the medal was initially struck in solid gold; following the First World War, it was recast using bronze from captured Austrian cannons, serving as a prestigious symbol of seniority and distinction in a military career.

Following the establishment of the Republic, the conferment of the order by the state ceased, yet it endured as a dynastic order and charitable organization belonging to the House of Savoy. In AD 2001, the Grand Master appointed H.R.H. Prince Emanuele Filiberto, a descendant of the Dukes of Savoy, as Grand Chancellor. Prince Emanuele Filiberto currently serves as President of the International Association of the Orders of Knighthood of the House of Savoy (A.I.C.O.D.S.), assisting the Grand Master and the Grand Chancellor in directing and administering the orders. Admission to the order requires the approval of the Grand Master, granted either on his own initiative (motu proprio) or through candidates presented by delegation and recommended by the Council.

The order comprises over 2,000 members worldwide, including Knights and Dames distributed across 35 delegations. Prince Vittorio Emanuele of the Ducal House of Savoy served as the 17th Grand Master, administering the order with the assistance of the Grand Chancellor, the Executive Committee, the Council, and delegates heading respective delegations globally.

Internationally, commemorative ceremonies for the order are held twice annually. One takes place at Hautecombe Abbey—formerly within the Duchy of Savoy and now in the French Republic—to pay homage to deceased members of the Royal House. The second ceremony occurs either at the Grand Abbey of Saint-Maurice in Geneva, Switzerland, or in Rome, Italy, to celebrate the investiture or promotion of members. This event, known as the Capitolo Generale, typically encompasses an investiture ceremony and a gala dinner in support of charitable causes.

物件編號: M538-1

年代: 公元 1851-1946 年

材質: 黃金、琺瑯

來源: Bertolami Fine Art s.r.l. 2025

這是一枚聖莫里茲和拉撒路騎士勳章的迷你版，用以著非軍服正裝(例如燕尾服)時配戴，通常為私人訂製。

聖莫里茲和拉撒路勳章，由代表聖莫里茲騎士團的白色三葉草十字，和代表聖拉撒路騎士團的綠色馬爾他十字，斜向放置而成，以黃金底材上嵌彩色琺瑯。上方無頂飾，僅軍官級及以上會有王冠。

聖莫里斯和聖拉撒路勳章的源流可追溯至中世紀的兩個獨立騎士團。聖莫里斯騎士團由薩伏依公爵阿梅迪奧八世於公元1434年創立，其前身源於瓦萊地區對殉道聖人聖莫里斯的崇拜與神聖軍團精神；聖拉撒路騎士團則起源於十字軍東征時期，旨在保護聖地並照顧麻風病患。公元1572年，經由教宗格里高利十三世頒布敕令，兩團正式永恆合併為聖莫里斯和聖拉撒路騎士團，由薩伏依家族首領世代擔任最高團長，兼具軍事、宗教與慈善性質。

公元1831年，薩丁尼亞國王卡洛·阿爾貝托改革時，將騎士團成員劃分為騎士、司令官與大十字騎士等階級，並區分為憑貴族血統申請的「正義騎士」與因個人功勳頒授的「恩典騎士」，不過兩者在徽章外觀上並無二致。至公元1851年維托里奧·埃馬努埃萊二世時期，正式廢除世襲貴族血統限制，擺脫宗教修會色彩，轉型為獎勵文武公職、科學、藝術及慈善事業有傑出貢獻者的國家榮譽制度，並最終確立了由騎士、軍官、司令官、大官佐至大十字騎士的現代五級制。

各級章體一致，僅在大小上有所差別。基礎的騎士階級襟綬小號十字；軍官階級則在十字上方加飾王冠與月桂橡樹枝環；司令官階級改為領綬中號十字加王冠；大官佐階級在領綬十字之外，左胸需加佩銀質四角星芒星章；最高的大十字騎士階級則配戴由右肩跨至左脅的綠色大綬帶，下懸大號十字加王冠，並於左胸佩戴銀質八角星芒星章。

此外，該勳章體系中還包含著名的莫里齊亞納獎章，此獎章於公元1839年設立，專門頒發給已獲得聖莫里斯和聖拉撒路勳章且服役滿五十年的現役軍官。獎章正面刻有聖莫里斯騎馬像，最初以純金鑄造，第一次世界大戰後則改以戰役中繳獲的奧地利大砲青銅熔鑄，成為軍旅生涯極高資歷與榮譽的象徵。

共和建立後，該勳章停授，但仍作為薩伏伊家族所擁有的慈善組織而存在。公元2001年，大團長任命薩伏侯爵家族的後裔、該團的首任大團長的H.R.H.菲利貝托·埃曼紐爾王子擔任大法官。菲利貝托·埃曼紐爾王子目前是薩伏侯爵家族勛章團國際協會(A.I.C.O.D.S.)的主席，協助大團長和大法官指導和管理勛章。加入該團需要大團長的批准，可以是他自行啟動的（motu proprio），也可以是他同意由代表團提出並由理事會推薦的候選人。

該團擁有2000多名成員，包括來自世界各地的騎士和女爵，分佈在35個代表團中。薩伏伊公爵家族的維克多·艾曼紐爵士是第17任大團長，並在大法官、執行委員會、理事會以及全球負責各自代表團的代表的協助下，參與該團的管理。

國際上，每年舉行兩次紀念該團的儀式。其中一個是在前薩伏伊公爵國，現在是法蘭西共和國的奧特孔修道院，向皇室家族的已故成員致敬。另一個儀式是在日內瓦、瑞士的聖莫里茲大修道院或意大利的羅馬舉行，以慶祝新成員的加入或晉升。這個活動被稱為Capitolo Generale，通常包括就職儀式和晚會，以支持慈善事業。