Item number: M538

Year: AD 1895-1935 persumed

Material: Gold, Silver, Bronze, Enamel

Size: 66.11 x 48 mm

Weight: 23.8 g

Provenance: Bertolami Fine Art s.r.l. 2025

This miniature order & medal set comprises eight miniature orders, decorations, and medals, intended to be worn with civilian formal attire (such as tailcoats). Arranged from left to right, they are the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus, the War Merit Cross, the Commemorative Medal for the Italo-Turkish War, the Commemorative Medal for the Italo-Austrian War, the Commemorative Medal for the African Campaigns, the Commemorative Medal for the China Campaign, the Honour Medal for Long Navigation, and the Commemorative Medal for the Unification of Italy.

The Order of the Saints Maurice and Lazarus (Miniature), Knight Class

The Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus was founded in AD 1572. In AD 1851, its modern five-class structure was established, comprising Knight, Officer, Commander, Grand Officer, and Knight Grand Cross. It was conferred to reward distinguished contributions in civil and military public service, the sciences, the arts, and philanthropic endeavours.

The War Merit Cross (Miniature)

The War Merit Cross was instituted by King Victor Emmanuel III via royal decree on 19 January AD 1918. It was primarily conferred upon military personnel who served in active theatres of war, sustained combat wounds, or demonstrated meritorious conduct meriting promotion.

The Italio-Turkish War Medal (Miniature)

The medal was instituted in AD 1912 to decorate military and civilian personnel who participated in the Italo-Turkish War.

The Italio-Austrian War Medal (Miniature)

The medal was originally instituted in AD 1915 to reward military personnel who served in the campaign against Austria-Hungary.

The African Campaigns Medal (Miniature)

The medal was initially instituted in AD 1894 to decorate military and civilian personnel who took part in various African campaigns. Award eligibility expanded in tandem with protracted Italian military expeditions in Africa, until the decoration was superseded in AD 1937 by the Commemorative Medal for Military Operations in East Africa.

Commemorative Medal for The Far East Campaign (Miniature)

The medal was promulgated on 23 June AD 1901 to decorate Italian officers and enlisted men who took part in the Boxer Rebellion expedition.

Medal of Honor for Long Voyages Accomplished (Miniature), Silver

The medal was instituted in AD 1904, conferred upon Royal Navy personnel with 22 years of navigational service aboard naval vessels, as well as merchant seamen with 24 years of navigational service aboard national merchant vessels.

Medal for Italian Unification (Miniature)

This is a miniature version of the Commemorative Medal for the Unification of Italy. Originally instituted in AD 1883, it was conferred upon all personnel who participated in the Italian Wars of Independence.

Assuming this group was conferred upon a single recipient, the Honour Medal for Long Navigation definitively confirms his naval identity, whilst the Commemorative Medal for the China Campaign 1900–1901 indicates his service aboard the protected cruisers Ettore Fieramosca, Vesuvio, or Calabria. The presence of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus suggests that the recipient was not a conscripted rating, but at least a junior commissioned officer. Furthermore, if the Knight class of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus was not superseded by a higher grade, the recipient was unlikely to have been a flag officer. Given the paucity of biographical records for junior and mid-ranking Italian officers, a senior commander whose honours closely parallel this group is presented here as an illustrative example:

Enrico Millo was born on 12 February AD 1865 in Chiavari, Italy. He graduated from the Naval Academy and was commissioned as a naval officer in AD 1884. During the Italo-Turkish War of AD 1911–1912, Millo achieved widespread renown for his daring leadership in commanding a torpedo-boat squadron during a nocturnal raid on the Dardanelles, which earned him accelerated promotion to Rear Admiral in AD 1912 alongside the Gold Medal of Military Valour, Italy’s highest military decoration. Between AD 1913 and 1914, he served as a member of the Senate of the Kingdom of Italy and entered the cabinet as Minister of the Navy. Following the outbreak of the First World War, he commanded the landing operations on the island of Palagruža (Pelagosa), was promoted to Vice Admiral in AD 1917, and served as commander of naval forces in the Adriatic during the conflict. Following the conclusion of the war, he served as Governor of Dalmatia from AD 1918 to 1920, overseeing civil and military administration in the region; he subsequently assumed command of the Naples Naval Base in AD 1920, was promoted to Admiral in AD 1926, and was later placed on the retired list. Millo died in Rome on 14 June AD 1930 at the age of 65.

物件編號: M538

年代: 推測為公元 1895-1935 年

材質: 金、銀、青銅、琺瑯

尺寸: 66.11 x 48 mm

重量: 23.8 g

來源: Bertolami Fine Art s.r.l. 2025

此迷你版章組包含八個迷你版勳、獎章，用以著非軍服正裝(例如燕尾服)時配戴，由左至右分別為「聖莫里茲和拉撒路勳章」、「戰功十字」、「義土戰爭獎章」、「義奧戰爭獎章」、「非洲戰役獎章」、「中國遠東戰役紀念獎章」、「海事遠航成就獎章」、「義大利統一獎章」。

騎士級 聖莫里茲和拉撒路勳章 (迷你版)

聖莫里斯和聖拉撒路勳章於公元1572年創設，於公元1851年確立了由騎士、軍官、司令官、大官佐至大十字騎士的現代五級制。獎勵文武公職、科學、藝術及慈善事業有傑出貢獻者。

戰功十字 (迷你版)

戰功十字於公元1918年1月19日由義大利國王維托里奧·埃馬努埃萊三世（Vittorio Emanuele III）頒佈皇家法令設立。主要頒發給在戰場服役、作戰負傷或獲得戰功提拔的軍人。

義土戰爭獎章 (迷你版)

義土戰爭紀念章於公元1912年設立，頒予參與義土戰爭的軍職與文職人員。

義奧戰爭獎章 (迷你版)

義奧戰爭紀念章最初於公元1915年設立，頒予參與義奧戰爭的軍職人員。

非洲戰役獎章 (迷你版)

非洲戰役紀念章最初於公元1894年設立，頒予參與各非洲戰役的軍職、文職人員，隨著義大利對非洲的長期侵攻而擴增了獲頒的資格，於公元1937年被東非軍事行動獎章所取代。

中國遠東戰役紀念獎章 (迷你版)

中國遠東戰役紀念獎章於公元1901年6月23日頒布，旨在獎勵參與八國聯軍戰役的義大利官兵。

銀質海事遠航成就獎章 (迷你版)

遠航榮譽獎章最初於公元1904年設立，頒予在皇家船舶上具22年航海經驗的皇家海軍成員，以及在國家商船上完成24年航海經驗的海員。

義大利統一獎章 (迷你版)

這是一枚義大利統一獎章的迷你版。最初於公元1883年設立，頒予所有參與義大利統一戰爭的人員。

若假設該勳獎章組為一人獲頒，遠航榮譽獎章可確定其海軍身分，遠東戰役紀念獎章1900-1901則代表其當時隸屬於防護巡洋艦「埃托雷·菲耶拉莫斯卡」號、「維蘇威」號或「卡拉布里亞」號。由聖莫里斯和聖拉撒路勳章可知其獲頒者大概不會是爭級的水兵，而至少是低階軍官。但若假設騎士級聖莫里斯和聖拉撒路勳章並未被更高級的勳章所替代，則獲頒人大概也不會是高階將領。由於義大利的基層軍官資料較少，此處僅舉勳獎章高度重合的高階將領為例：

恩里科·米洛（Enrico Millo）於公元1865年2月12日出生於義大利基亞瓦里（Chiavari）。他畢業於海軍官校並於公元1884年起出任海軍軍官。在公元1911至1912年的義土戰爭期間，米洛率領魚雷艇編隊夜襲達達尼爾海峽，因其卓越勇敢的指揮而聲名大噪，並因此於公元1912年破格晉升為海軍少將，同時獲頒象徵義大利最高軍事榮譽的金質軍事勇氣勳章。他曾於公元1913至1914年間就職義大利王國參議院議員，並入閣出任海軍大臣（Ministro della marina）。第一次世界大戰爆發後，，他指揮登陸帕拉格魯扎島，並於公元1917年晉升為海軍中將，並在戰爭期間出任亞得里亞海艦隊司令。一戰結束後，他於公元1918至1920年間擔任達爾馬提亞軍政長官（Governatore della Dalmazia），負責該地區的軍事與行政管轄，隨後於公元1920年起調任那不勒斯海軍基地司令部司令等職，並於公元1926年獲授海軍上將軍銜，後轉入預備役。公元1930年6月14日，米洛在羅馬逝世，享壽65歲。