Item number: M553

Reference number: Barac, Borna II #505

Year: AD 1933

Material: Bronze

Size: 79 x 30 x 2.5mm

Weight: 17.2 g

Provenance: eMedals 2022

This medal is the Meritorious Service Medal for the Founding of Manchukuo, struck on the occasion of the second anniversary of the founding of Manchukuo in the 2nd year of Datong (AD 1933), pursuant to Imperial Edict No. 11.

The obverse of the medal bears the characters “Founding of the Country” in clerical script, flanked by sorghum, one of Manchukuo’s important agricultural products. The characters and the heads of the sorghum ears are embellished with silver using the inlaid-silver technique. The reverse bears three lines of inscription, arranged from right to left: “Great Manchukuo,” “Founding of the Country Merit Medal,” and “First Year of Datong” (AD 1932).

The eligibility and timing for the conferment of this medal were to be determined by the State Council upon the recommendation of the Prime Minister. If an eligible recipient had already passed away prior to the conferment, the medal was to be presented to the recipient’s surviving family. In addition, a register recording the names of the recipients was to be permanently preserved by the Prime Minister.

The establishment of Manchukuo was driven by Japan’s desire to pursue a policy of “using Chinese to control Chinese” by establishing a puppet regime.

Initially, Manchukuo adopted a republican system of government, with Puyi assuming office as its head of state and adopting Datong as his era name. Two years later, “Manchukuo” was renamed the Empire of Manchukuo, with Puyi assuming the imperial title and changing the era name to Kangde. Under Puyi, the State Council was established, with Zheng Xiaoxu and Zhang Jinghui, among others, serving successively as premiers.

In August AD 1945, the Soviet Union launched an offensive in northeastern China, and the Japanese Army rapidly collapsed, resulting in the subsequent dissolution of Manchukuo.

物件編號: M553

參考書目編號: Barac, Borna II #505

年代: 公元1933年

材質: 青銅

尺寸: 79 x 30 x 2.5mm

重量: 17.2 g

來源: eMedals 2022

此獎章是滿州國於大同2年(公元1933年)的建國二週年之際，按照其所公布之第11號敕令鑄成的「大滿洲國建國功勞章」。

獎章正面以隸書書寫「建國」兩字，兩側飾以滿洲國重要的農產品——高粱。文字與高粱穗頭以錯銀工藝鑲嵌白銀作為裝飾。獎章背面則刻有三行文字，由右至左依序為：「大滿洲國」、「建國功勞章」以及「大同元年」（公元1932年）。

授予此獎章的資格者及時間應由國務總理大臣送交國務院會議決定，假設資格者在授予前已然過世則贈與其遺族。此外，紀錄被授予者名字的名冊會被國務總理大臣永遠保存。

滿州國成立的原因是日本為達以華制華目的，決定扶植傀儡政權。初期行共和體制，元首溥儀，年號為「大同」。2年後改「滿洲國」為「大滿洲帝國」，由溥儀稱帝，改年號為「康德」。在溥儀之下，設國務院，總理大臣先後有鄭孝胥、張景惠等。

公元1945年8月，蘇聯出兵中國東北，日本軍隊迅速潰敗，滿洲國隨即瓦解。